ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืื“ืจ
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืก' 5

"ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข" โ€“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”

ื”ืžืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื ืกื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืฉื’ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื™ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืคื™ืœ 'ื’ื•ืจืœ' ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืขืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื”. ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ. ืืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืคืœืชื•, ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข"

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ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื›ื”ืŸ

ืชืฉืก"ื”
26 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ื. ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื’, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’. ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื›ืš ื’ื ืฉื ื”ื—ื’ ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข 1 , ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคื•ืจื™ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื•:
ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ืก ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”. ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื•, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•; ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื 2 ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชื•ื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืช-ืœืขืช. ืื•ืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ืขืจืš ืžืฉืชื”, ืืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ืงืจื ' ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื”' ("ื™ืžื™ ืžืฉืชื”" 3 ).
ืžื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื•ื, ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื•ื ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™, ืœืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื”ืคืš ืœื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื” .
ืœื™ืชืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜: ื) ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื•ืจื’ืข ืžื”ื™ื•ื; ื‘) ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉื—ื™ื•ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื•), ืืœื ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ืืœื ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื”.
ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื, ืฉื‘ืื ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื.
ืžื”ื• ืกื“ืจ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”? ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืืžืจ ื”ื’ืžืจื 4 "ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™". ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื 5 "ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื–ื•?" (ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื) โ€“ "ืฉื™ืื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืชืงืŸ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื ืื” . . ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจ". ืžื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืชื”.
ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™", ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื’ื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ื”ื•ื 'ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื”' ื›ื "ืœ.
ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื”ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”: ืื ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื”ืจื™ ืื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื), ืืœื ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืกืชืžื™ืช?
ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ: ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื•. ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื’ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช โ€“ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืœืœ; ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื โ€“ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•, ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืฉืชื”.
ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื (ื›ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื), ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื ื—ืœ ืžืคืœื” ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ืืš ืื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• 'ืฉืชื™ื™ื”-ืคื•ืจื™ืžื™ืช', ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœืงื‘"ื”, ืืœื ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื’ืจื™ื“ื.
ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืชืžื™ื”ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”:
ื”ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื 'ืคื•ืจื™ื' ื”ื•ื, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” 6 , "ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ืงืจืื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจ" ืฉื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ืžืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ: ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื’ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื, ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืฉืื™ืจืขื” ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื”.
ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื: ืคืกื— ื ืงืจื 7 ืขืœ "ืืฉืจ ืคืกื— ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื ื’ืคื• ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•'"; ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื 8 "ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื™ ืื•ืชื ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•'"; ื—ื ื•ื›ื” (ื—ื’ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ) ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื—ื ื• ื‘ื›"ื” 9 .
ืœืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื” ืืคื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ืžืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื–ืžืžื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื 10 ? ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ืขื ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื•ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ืก ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืžื ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ืœืœื• ื•ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื• ืขืœ ื—ืกื“ื™ื•, ืžืืฉืจ ืœืงืฉืจ ื–ืืช ืขื ื”ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื”.

ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
ื‘. ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ 11 ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืฉ"ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืชืงืจื™ืืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื", ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื‘ืชื•ืจื”-ืื•ืจ 12 , ืžื‘ืืจ, ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ: ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื; ื•ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ.
ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชื›ืคืจื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ (ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื) ืžื‘ื˜ื ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืžืžื ื” ื‘ืื” ื”ื›ืคืจื”. ืžื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”, ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ืžืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืœ? ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ืœืงื—ืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื’ื•ืจืœ. ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขืช 13 , ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืžืจืื, ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ื“ืžื™ื.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื:
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: ืื“ื ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœื•, ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืจึตื‘ ืœื—ื™ื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ืขืจึตื‘ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืขืœื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืฉื ื™. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ. ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื˜ืขืžื ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืขื”ื•, ืื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื•ืขืœ-ืคื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ืœืงื—ืช.
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”: ืื“ื ื ืขืœื”, ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ื–ื” ื˜ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœ ืขืจึตื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ (ื•ืื’ื‘, ืื“ื ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ โ€“ "ืจื•ื— ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”" 14 ; ื”ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื”ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉืžืขืœืชื• ื›ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•). ืืžื ื ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืจึตื‘ ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— ืžื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืฆื“ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื•, ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื: ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื; ืื• ืฉืืžื ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืžืฆื“ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื•, ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืžืจื•ืžื ื•ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•, ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื’ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืฉื˜ื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื›ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืชืจืก, ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื”ื—ื›ืžื”, ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ.
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืžืจื•ืžื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืจืข, ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืจืข ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื—ื›ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœืขื•ืžืชื•.
ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืžืกืžืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ: ื›ืฉื ืฉืืฆืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื—ืกืจื™-ืขืจืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• (ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข), ื›ืš ืžืฆื“ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื”ื ื•ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืขืจืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื โ€“ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ 'ื’ื•ืจืœ' ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื—ืกืจื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ.

ืžื”ื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช?
ื’. ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉื‘ื•.
ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ื: ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช โ€“ 'ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”', ืœืฉื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืื• ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื? ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื ืจืื™ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืžื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื (ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช) ื”ื™ื 'ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื”'. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ 15 ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืขืชื” ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื ื ื›ื— ืื“ื -ื™" 16 , ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื”ืคืš, ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืคื•ื’ืžื™ื, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืœืžืขืœื”. ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืœื“ืš ืชืฉื™" 17 ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ 18 , ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชื™ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”. ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืื ื• ืืฃ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืคืœื•ื ื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื—ืช; ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืื•ืžืจ 19 "ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ืœื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืื• ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื—ื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ? . . ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื ืœืฆืจืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืืœื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืื“ื, "ืœืฆืจืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช", ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• "ืžื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื•".
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืœืœื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื’ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืขื‘ื“ ืœืื“ื•ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืงื•ื ื•. ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืขืœืชื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื›ืื“ื•ืŸ, ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื• ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืื-ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื“, ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืœืื“ื•ื ื•. ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• 'ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืชื ื“ื›ื•ืœื' 20 ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื—"ื•, ื•ืื-ื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื?
ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื–ืืช 21 , (ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœ 'ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ' 22 ), ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช:
ื) ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขืจืš. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื; ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืจืขื™ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” 'ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘', ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืขืœ-ื›ืš ืฉื›ืจ ืžืœืžืขืœื”; ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ึตืจื”, ืขืฉื” 'ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข', ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื, ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื• ืœืคื’ื•ื ื—"ื• ื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื›ื•ื— ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” 23 ;
ื‘) ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœื•, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื•ื 'ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘', ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื 'ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข'. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื•ืืคืก ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืœืœ 24 .
ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื ืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ืชื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” 25 .
ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”'ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื' ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”'ืจืขื™ื' ืฉื‘ื”, ืืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืžืžืฉ.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื’ื ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืœ. ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืจืช ืขืจืš, ื•ื’ื ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ 26 : "ืื ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื” ืชืคืขืœ ื‘ื•, ื•ืจื‘ื• ืคืฉืขื™ืš ืžื” ืชืขืฉื” ืœื•, ืื ืฆื“ืงืช ืžื” ืชืชืŸ ืœื•, ืื• ืžื” ืžื™ื“ืš ื™ืงื—". ื•ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ื•"ื›ื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ืื•ืจื”" 27 โ€“ ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš ืฉื•ื•ื™ื.
ื•ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืืžืจื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื "ืœืฆืจืฃ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช" ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื ื• 'ื–ืงื•ืง' ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• 'ื ืคื’ืข' ืžื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื›ืš ืื•ืชื ื• .
ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ 28 , "ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ" โ€“ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื” ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื โ€“ ืจืง "ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘' ื”ื•ื™ (ืื•ืžืจ) ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื—ืคืฅ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื". ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืžื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ "ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ"? ื”ืœื•ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ื ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืจืข. ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื ื—ืคืฅ?!
ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื 29 , ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, "ืฆื“ืงืช" ื•"ืคืฉืขื™ืš" ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื•-ื”ืš. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื™ืชื›ื ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืื– ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ 'ื˜ื•ื‘' ื•ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ 'ืจืข', ืื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ื (ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืคื™) ืฉืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”.
[ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื’ืข ื›ืœืœ ื—"ื•. ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ืžืœืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืžืžื“ืจืฉ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”'ื˜ื•ื‘' ื•ื”'ืžืขืœื”' ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ืืœื ืืžื™ืชืช ืžืขืœืชืŸ ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื–ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื), ืฉืขื•ืžืง ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืขืฆืžื”, ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžืŸ (ืœืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ) ืฉื•ื•ืช ื”ืŸ. ืจืื” ืœืงืžืŸ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช].
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”'ื’ื•ืจืœ' ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื-ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื: ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ (ื”ืžืจืื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ) ืžืกืžืœืช, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืžืื™ืจื” ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืืฆืœื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืื“ื ื—ื˜ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ื‘ื›ืœ-ื–ืืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช 'ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ' ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืžืชื›ืคืจ ื”ื—ื˜ื ื•ื”ืื“ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืžืจื•ืฆื” ื›ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื˜ื 30 .
ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ
ื“. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงืฆืช ื”ื›ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืฆืœื ื• ื›ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืจืข ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื“ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืื—ื“ ื•ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, "ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืžืจืชืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื” ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ืžืฉืขืžื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช!" ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื.
ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ืื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื!
ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื™. ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืื›ืœื™ื ื•ืœื˜ืขืžื ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœ-ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืžืชื” ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ.
ืื•ืœื ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื”ืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื ืขืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ืื›ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ืžื ืžื›ืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื–ื”.
ืขื ื–ื”, ื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืจื•ืžื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ืืžื ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืš ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฆืœื•. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™. ืืžื ื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื•ืžื ืžืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืชืจื•ืžื ืžืขืœ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช.
ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ 'ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื' ื•'ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื'. ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื• ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื (ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื); ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘" 31 , ื•ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ.
ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ืœื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘'ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื', ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘; ื•ืื™ืœื• 'ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื' ื ืขืฉื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข. ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• โ€“ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”.

ื”. ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ
ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื›ืœ-ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื”ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ.
ื•ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”: ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืœื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข, ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืืžื ื ื’ื ืฉื ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจื•ืข ื•ืจืฉืขื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ 'ื”ืžืŸ' ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื.
[ืื’ื‘, ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžืŸ ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ืจื•ืฉ "ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื . . ื•ืืช ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื" 32 . ื‘'ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื™' (ืœืจ"ืฉ ืืœืงื‘ืฅ) ืžืคืจืฉ 33 , ืฉืืžื™ืจืชื• ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืงื˜ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื• ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ืื—ื“" โ€“ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื ืื—ื“, ืขื ืžืื•ื—ื“ (ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ื ืืžืจ "ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ", ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืืฆืœ ืขืฉื™ื•, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืฉ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืชื•ื‘ " ื ืคืฉื•ืช ", ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื 34 ), ื•ื‘ื›ืœ-ื–ืืช ื”ืจื™ ืขื ืื—ื“ ื–ื” "ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื" โ€“ ื”ื ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื• "ืืช ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืœืš (ืžืœื›ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื) ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื", ื•ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ 35 , ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” "ื”ืžืœืš" ืกืชื, ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”.
ืืžื ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‚ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืงื˜ืจื•ื’ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ].
ืื-ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืžื–ื™ืžืชื•, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืฉื•ืจืฉื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™, ืฉื‚ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื—ื™ืคืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—. ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”: ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื˜ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ืจื’ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ ืขื ืื—ื“ ืฉ"ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื“"; ื•ืืฃ ื—ื™ืคืฉ ื•ืžืฆื ืคื” ื•ืฉื ืฉ"ืืช ื“ืชื™ ื”ืžืœืš ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื" โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ืฃ-ื›ืœ-ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืขื•ืžื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื™ืžืชื• ื ื’ื“ ืขืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื–ืืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกื™ื“ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืกื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
[ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™"ืข ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืคืขื, ืฉื”ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ 36 , ืฉ"ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืœืื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืจืžื•ืŸ" โ€“ ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžืœืื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื!].
ืขืœ-ืื—ืช-ื›ืžื”-ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืข, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื• ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื•ืื-ื›ืŸ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื”ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ.

ื•. ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืจืฉืข ื ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ
ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ื”: ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘, ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”. ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” 37 , ืฉื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื• ืชืคืขืœ ืืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื’ื ืœืžืขืœื”. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื ืฆื—.
ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืฅ ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” "ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื”" 38 , ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ื”ื’ืžืจื ืื•ืžืจืช 39 ืฉ"ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืžืฉื”, ื—ืกืจ ืื—ืช". ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืœืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ื; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉืขืจ ื”ื ื•"ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื” ืžื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื•.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืฆื“ ืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืฉื–ื• ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื, ื•ืฉื ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื, ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื™ื ืฆื—. ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืžืŸ ืœื ืฆื— ื”ื™ื, ืื ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ื ื•"ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื”ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืฅ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืืžื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืžื–ื™ืžืชื•, ืืœื ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘'ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื' 40 , ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืจืฆื” "ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื• ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื—ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ืžื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื”'ืขืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื' "ืฉื™ืชื’ืœื• ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•" ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืœื ื“ื™ื™ ืฉืชืชื’ืœื” ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื, ืืœื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืชืชื’ืœื” ื’ื ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘" ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”; ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช.
ืžืชื™ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš?
ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืคืข ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืืžื ื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืžื ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื ืžืฆื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืš, ื•ื”ืฉืคืข ื ืžืฉืš ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื. ืื-ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืขืœื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘", ืœื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ โ€“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉืคืข ืœืจืฉืข. ืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ืชื• ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ื•ืžืฉืš ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืข, ืืš ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืขื“ ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ืจืฉืข ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉืคืข.
ื ืžืฆื, ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื” (ืœื ืจืง ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื) ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืชื•ืžืฉืš ืœืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื—"ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืง ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื• 41 .
ืืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื 42 (ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื™ื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจืฉืข) "'ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ื›ื” ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื™-ื”' โ€“ ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ื›ื” ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืงืฉื”, ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื ื™ืื•ืฆื• ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข โ€“ ื•ืฉื•ืชืง": ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข ืžื ืืฅ ื•ืžื’ื“ืฃ ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืฉื•ืชืง", ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืงืฉื”" โ€“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืœ ื’ื“ืจ, ืฉืจืง ืžืฆื™ื“ื” ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจื ื›ื–ื” ื•ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืฉื•ืชืง".

ื–. ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžื–ื™ืžืชื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช?
ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื‘ื•ืข ืžืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืื• ืฉืื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืฉื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช; ืื• ืฉื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืคืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื•ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืขืฆืžื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืœืฆื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืคืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืฉืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื 43 ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื" 44 โ€“ ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื– ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื 45 , ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข "ื•ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ืจืช ืžื›ืœ ืขื ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ", ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืฉืื– ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
ืžื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื– ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉื ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช 46 .
ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืจื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื–ื”, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื (ืื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•), ืฉืื– ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช. ืื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ื•ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ, ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื” 47 ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืฆื“ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื•, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ .
ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ 'ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”' ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžื•ืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืื– ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฆืžื•, ื‘ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืจื— ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
ืœืคื™-ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื’ื•ืจืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฆื“ ืฉื•ื•ื”: ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•; ื•ื’ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ื™ืฉื•ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืคื™ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืืฆืœื• ื•ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ ืžื”ื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœ. ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืื“ื ืื™ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืงื—ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืจื›ื, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™: ืืžื ื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขืจืš ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ โ€“ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืชืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืฆื•ื™ ืืฆืœื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืจืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•.
ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื:
ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืจื— ืื• ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ), ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช; ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืจื™ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœ ืขืจืš, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจื— (ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ) ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืžืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืžืขืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื™ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช.
ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•.
ื—. ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ 'ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช'
ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช:
ื) ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื›ืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื›ื "ืœ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”), ืœื›ืŸ ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ืืœื ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ืš ืฉื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื—ืจ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืขืœื•ืช, ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืš ืจืง ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืจื•ืื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื; ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื•ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•, ืจื•ืื” ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื ืคืœื, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืฆืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื’ื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื.
ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉืฉื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชื•ืคืกื•ืช ืžืงื•ื, ืœื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขืžื ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื 48 "ื”ืœื•ื ืื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืืชื™": ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืฉ"ืื— ืขืฉื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘", ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื• ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ืืฃ-ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื•ืคื, "ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื• ืฉื ืืชื™" โ€“ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
ื˜. ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืื ื ืชืขืžืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ืขืœื™ืช ื•ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืื™ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš ืžื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื”:
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” (ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ), ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ โ€“ ื”ืื”ื‘ื”. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื”ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ืื-ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ื‘ืกื™ื‘ืช ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ: ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืกื•ืฃ-ื›ืœ-ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื›ืœืœ ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœื ื˜ื•ื‘; ื•ืืฃ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื โ€“ ื”ืจื™ ืจืื™ื™ืชื ื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืชืืจ ืืช ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืžื™ืชืชื; ื•ืจืง ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืžืœึนื•ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.
ืื‘ืœ ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉืœืื”ื‘ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื•ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืื”ื‘.
ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ:
ื”ืžืขืœื” ืฉื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืขืœื” ื›ืžื•ืชื™ืช, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช โ€“ ืืœื ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ืืฆืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื โ€“ ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืขืฆืžื•, ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื; ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœื• ืœื–ื•ืœืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืช; ื•ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืคื—ื•ืช, ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื•ืœืช, ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช, ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื•ืœืชื• ื™ืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื.
ืžื”ื ื—ืช-ื™ืกื•ื“ ื–ื• ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉืืžืช-ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื ื• ืืช ืกื“ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืชื ื•ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื•ื โ€“ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ื›ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ืคื—ื•ืช) ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื•ื— ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ืขืœื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืื“ื ืืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืชื’ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืื“ื ืขืฆืžื•. ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ืœืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ืจื’ืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื‘ืื“ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื•ืœืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื•ื— ื ืขืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืงื•ื“ื ืœื•.
[ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืœืžื™ื“ื•ืช: ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื•ืœืช; ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื–ื•ืœืช. ื•ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื–ื” ืžื‘ืืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช 49 ืืช ืชื›ื•ื ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”].
ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ื•ืžื•ืจื’ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื, ืืœื ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื.
ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”, ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืจืง ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจื’ื” ื’ื•ืคื, ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขืžื.
ืื-ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื” ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื) ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื: ื) ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ (ื›ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช); ื‘) ื”ื™ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ืฉืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืœืชื™-ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ), ืืœื ื–ื• ื’ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืืžืจ, ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ื ; ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• 50 .
[ื•ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืžื” ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ืช].
ื™. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช
ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ื—ืœืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช:
ื) ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ืฉื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื. ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืคืข ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ืœืจืฉืขื™ื;
ื‘) ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืื—ืช ื•"ืื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘". ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืจืฉืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœืฆื“ื™ืง;
ื’) ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืจื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ"ืื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘" ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืจืฉืขื™ื, ื‘ื›ืœ-ื–ืืช "ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืืชื™".
ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื“ื•ืข ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ. ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืจืฆื” ื•ืืฃ ืคืขืœ ื”ืžืŸ, ืฉื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉืฉื "ืื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘", ืฉืžืฆื“ ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื ืฆื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—"ื• (ื›ื "ืœ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•).
ืื™ืš ืงืจื” ืืคื•ื ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืžืœืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ?
ืืœื ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื•, ืฉื‘ื” "ืื— ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื™ืขืงื‘", ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ โ€“ "ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืืชื™", ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ื”ื—ื’ ืขืœ-ืฉื ื”ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”'ื’ื•ืจืœ' ืฉืœืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™-ื–ื” ืฉื’ื ืžื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืชื’ืœื”, ืฉื’ื ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” "ื›ื•ืœื ืงืžื™ื” ื›ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘", ื•ืžืื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืื—ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ื“ืจื’ืช ื”'ื’ื•ืจืœ' โ€“ "ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืืชื™". ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืก ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื”, ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ (ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช), ืื™ืŸ-ื–ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืฉื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื.
ื™ื. ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ โ€“ ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช 'ืœื ื™ื“ืข'
ืขืœ-ืคื™-ื–ื” ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื-ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื›ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื ืก ื–ื” ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข". ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืชื’ืœืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” "ื›ืžื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื" ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืืœื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.
ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืš ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื•ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื”ื‘ืื” ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื•. ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ 51 "ื™ืฉืจืืœ . . ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืœืืœื•ืงื™ื; ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืœืขื ืกื’ื•ืœื”". ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข".
ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขืœืชื ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื”ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช (ืฉื’ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื•).
ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช:
ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’), ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ "ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ", ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ืจืฉืขื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื•"ื›ื—ืฉื›ื” ื›ืื•ืจื”".
ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืจื•, ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื ืขืœื™ืช ื–ื• ืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• 52 . ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื’ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง.
ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช), ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช (ื›ืฉื ืฉ"ื•ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืฉื ืืชื™").
ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ " ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ" โ€“ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื ืื” ืœืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” , ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
ืœื”ืžื—ืฉืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžื”ืื“ื, ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ. ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืขืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืฉืื“ื ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื™ืื”ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืขืจ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฉืš ืœื–ื”, ื•ืœื”ืคืš.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื–ื” ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืขื“ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืžื” ื‘ื—ืจ. ื”ืœื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื–ืืช ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืจืืฉ.
ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฉืœ: ืื™ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื” ื—ืคืฅ ื•ื‘ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื”. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ืืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื, ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžื” ื—ืคืฅ ื”' ื•ื‘ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ืคืฅ. ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช, ืฉื ืžืฆื“ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื• ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื” ื—ืคืฅ (" ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ"), ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืื—ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืจืง ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฆืžื• ื’ื™ืœื” ืœื ื• ื–ืืช ("ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื•ื™ืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘' ื”ื•ื•ื™ (ืื•ืžืจ) ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื—ืคืฅ").
ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื "ืœ, ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ืœืื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœืขืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช: ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื ื ืขืฉื” 'ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ' ื•ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืœื ื‘ืจื; ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื” ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ืžื’ืฉืžืช ืื•ืชื•, ืืœื ืืžื™ืชืช ืžืขืœืชืŸ ื”ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ืคืš ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™. ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• (ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื), ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื ื•ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช.
ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื 'ื˜ื•ื‘' ืฉืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื, ืืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” (ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช: ื”ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื, ืืœื ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฆืžื•). ื•ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื ื ืขืฉื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ื•ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ ืœืžืงื™ื™ืžืŸ; ื•ืœืขืžื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข ื•ืžื•ืฉืœืœ ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื”ืŸ, ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืจื—"ืœ.
ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืœื” ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช (ืฉื”ืŸ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ 'ื™ื“ื™ืขื”'), ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืืฆืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื”.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข".
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื ื—ืœืงืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื โ€“ 'ืกื•ืจ ืžืจืข' ื•'ืขืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘'. ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื•ื ืืฆืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื”ื•ื‘ โ€“ "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™". ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื”"ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™", ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื, ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื•ื”ืฉื’ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื”.
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ืชื™ืงื ื•, ืฉื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืชื”. ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืกื™ืช 'ืžืฉืงื”' ื•ืื•ืžืจ 'ืœื—ื™ื™ื', ื•ืœื•ืงื— ื›ื•ืกื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขื 'ืœื—ื™ื™ื', ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื”. ืื•-ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืงืฃ, ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ืงืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ("ื”ืžืŸ") ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื• ืžื•ืคืจืš ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ("ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ"); ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ("ืžืจื“ื›ื™") ื™ื”ื™ื• ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ืœื™ืช ("ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™").
ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ, ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืœื• ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื• (ื›ืฉื ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช; ื•ื›ืžื•-ื›ืŸ ื—ืคืฆื• ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ-ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ 'ื™ื“ื™ืขื”' ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ).
ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”"ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข" ืฉื‘ื ืคืฉ, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื“ืขืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืชื”ื•ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ" ืœ"ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™".
ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ "ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™":
ืœืคื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•, ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ: ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ 'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™' ืœ'ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ'? ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื (ืœื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš) ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื”'ืœื ื™ื“ืข' ืฉื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื, ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœื•, ื’ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื™ื” 'ืžื•ื ื—' ืืฆืœื• ืฉื”ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš. ื–ื” ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™, ืขื“" ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื”"ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข" , ืชื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื• ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™".
ื•ืื– ืžืชื’ืœื”, ืฉื”ื”ื ื—ื” "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™" ืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ื•ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื•. ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื:
ืžืืžืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ "ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืงืจืื• ืœื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืคื•ืจื™ื" ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื’ (ื ื“ืคืก ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžืœื•ืงื˜ ื›ืจืš ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืคื˜ ื•ืื™ืœืš); ืžืืžืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ "ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื" ืžืฉื ืช ืชืฉื™"ื– (ื ื“ืคืก ื‘'ืชื•ืจืช ืžื ื—ื' ื›ืจืš ื™ื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ 139)




^ 1.ืจืื” ืชื ื™ื, ืฉืขืจ ื”ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืคืจืง ื.
^ 2.ืจืื” ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื–.
^ 3.ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื˜, ื›ื‘.
^ 4.ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘. ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืฆ"ื” ืก"ื‘.
^ 5. ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ื‘ ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ื•.
^ 6. ื˜, ื›ื•.
^ 7. ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื›ื–.
^ 8. ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื’, ืžื’.
^ 9. ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื”.
^ 10. ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” (ื˜, ื›ื“): "ื”ืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ืœื”ื•ืžื ื•ืœืื‘ื“ื".
^ 11.ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ื. (ื“ืฃ ื ื–, ื‘).
^ 12.ืจืื” ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ ื“ืฃ ืฆื‘, ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘. ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืงื›ื, ื˜ื•ืจ ื.
^ 13.ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื•ื”ื›"ืค ืคืจืง ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื“, ืžื”ืžืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืžื ืกื‘, ื.
^ 14.ืงื”ืœืช ื“, ื›ื.
^ 15.ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื, ืœื’.
^ 16.ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื“, ื™ื–.
^ 17.ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘, ื™ื—.
^ 18.ืื™ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื.
^ 19.ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ืžื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•.
^ 20.ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืงื ื™ ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”.
^ 21. ืจืื” ืžืืžืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืฆืื™ื ื” ื•ืจืื™ื ื” ืชืจืข"ื–; ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ืœื” ืชืฉื™"ื‘.
^ 22. ืจืื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”. ืฉื ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืคืจืง ื’. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื“ื ื• ื›ื•"ื› ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ืชืžืงื“ื ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื•.
^ 23. ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืื•ืจ ืจื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช; ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ึตืจื” ื ืขืฉื” ืคื’ื ื•ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืฆื™ืœื•ืช.
^ 24. ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช 'ืขืชื™ืง' ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืชืง ื•ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœ ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื.
^ 25. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”'ืขืฅ-ื—ื™ื™ื' (ืฉืขืจ ื ืขื ืฃ ื‘) ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ-ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืฃ ืžืžืœื ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ื—ืœืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ืจืง ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืœืœ ื•ืžืงื•ื ืคื ื•ื™ ืœืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.
^ 26.ืื™ื•ื‘ ืœื”, ื•-ื–.
^ 27.ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืงืœื˜, ื™ื‘.
^ 28.ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉื” ื‘.
^ 29.ืœืงื•ื˜ื™-ืชื•ืจื” ืคืจืฉืช ืฆื• ื“ืฃ ื– ื˜ื•ืจ ื“.
^ 30.ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืš ืžืก' 3 ื‘ื™ืืจื ื•, ืฉื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉ"ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื›ืคืจ". ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืืŸ: ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืจื•ืžืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช (ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื) ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื’ืžืช. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื•, ื ืคืขืœืช ื”ื›ืคืจื”; ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืžืฆื“ 'ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื' ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ื•ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื•ืžืฆื“ ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื˜ื ื•ืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืคืš ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชื›ืคืจ ืœื• ื”ื—ื˜ื.
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื‘ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” (ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื”) ืื™ื ื” ืคื’ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืคืจื” ืฉืžืฆื“ 'ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื' ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš โ€“ ืฉืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื•.
^ 31. ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื“ ืœื‘.
^ 32. ืคืจืง ื’ ืคืกื•ืง ื—.
^ 33.ืขืœ-ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื˜, ื˜ื–. ื›. ื•ืขืœ-ื“ืจืš-ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘'ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืชืจื™ื' (ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”'ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช').
^ 34.ืจืื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื• ื›ื•. (ืžื•ื™ืงืจื ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื“, ื•).
^ 35.ืืกืชืจ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื’, ื™.
^ 36. ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžืกื›ืช ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”.
^ 37. ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื–ืžืžื•; ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‚ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืฉื”ื˜ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ, ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” (ื—"ื•) ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ.
^ 38. ืจืื” ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืคืจืง ื” ืคืกื•ืง ื™ื“.
^ 39.ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ื, ื‘.
^ 40. ื‘ืชื—ืœืชื•.
^ 41. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืคืข ื™ื•ืžืฉืš ืœื”ืžืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืœืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื”ื•. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉืคืข. ื•ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ืฉืคืข ื™ื•ืžืฉืš ืœื”ืžืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ (ืฉืžืคื ื™ ืฉืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉืคืข ืืœื™ื•), ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื, ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืคืก ืžืงื•ื.
^ 42. ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื•, ื‘.
^ 43. ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื.
^ 44. ืคืจืง ื˜ ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื–.
^ 45. ืจืื” ืžื’ืŸ-ืื‘ืจื”ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืก ืกืง"ื‘. ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“.
^ 46. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื• ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืฉื ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื–ื•.

^ 47. ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืืฃ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ืคืขื (ืจืื” ืœืงื•ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื“ ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื—ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช), ืฉืืฆืœ ืื“ื ืฉื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืฉื‚ึดื›ืœื™, ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื‚ึดื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื— ื—ื–ืง ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
^ 48. ืžืœืื›ื™ ื, ื‘-ื’.
^ 49. ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืืžืจื™ื ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื (ืœืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ืจื™ื™"ืฅ) ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืฆื˜ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 50. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืชืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืžืฆื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ("ื‘ื ื™ื ืืชื ืœื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ื›ื"). ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœื‘ื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ; ื•ืจืง ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืžืฉ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ ืืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืฆื“ ื–ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•, (ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื”. ืฉืœื ื›ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืื™ืฉ ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ืื” ืžื—ืžืช ืžืขืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืื”ื‘, ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ โ€“ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืื”ื‘ื”), ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื‘ ื•ืœื ื”ืื‘ ืขืฆืžื•, ื”ืจื™ ื’ื ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื” ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืžืช ืกื™ื‘ื” 'ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช' ื•ืœื ืžืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืžืžืฉ. ืžื”-ืฉืื™ืŸ-ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืžืฉ.
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช: ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื”ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื’ื•ืช: ื) ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืžืงื•ื ื’ื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืœืช ืžืžืฉ ืฉืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืžื ื•; ื‘) ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืžื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืื“ื ื–ืจ ืžืžืฉ ืฉื•ื ืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื‘ื ื•, ืชื•ืคืก ืฉื ืžืงื•ื; ื’) ืœืžืขืœื” ื’ื ืžื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื’ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืฉืžืžื ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืื” ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
ื•ืื-ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืžืฉ ื ืชื—ื“ืฉื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”. ืจืง ืื– ื ืคืขืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฆืžื•.
^ 51. ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื“, ื™.
^ 52. ืจืื” ืœืงื•ื˜ื™-ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ื– ืฉื™ื—ื” ื’ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ืงืจื ื”ืขืจื” 28, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il