ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืจื›ื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืจืคื•ืืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื ื•ืš ื‘ืŸ ืจื‘ืงื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ืœื ื’ื“ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช. ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ื ื ืกื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื•. ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื [ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื‘"ื—, ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื”ื˜"ื– ื•ืขื•ื“] ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.

ื›ืŸ ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื• ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื.

ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘"ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”" ืคืชื— ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืคืจืง ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื-ื‘) ื‘ืžืœื™ื:
(ื) ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”). ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืคืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื’). ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘, ื) 'ืื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘? ื–ื• ืชืคืœื”'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืชืคืœื” ื”ื–ืืช [=ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืœื™ื] ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืคืœื” ื–ืžืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”:
(ื‘) ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืœื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื. ืืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื ืื“ื ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื’ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืฉื•ืืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื”. ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ืœื”' ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื•, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืคื™ ื›ื—ื•. [ืขื›"ืœ]

ืจื‘ื ื• "ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”" ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื™"ื˜ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืงืจื™ืช ืกืคืจ" ื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืคื—, ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, "ื™ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”", ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ, ืžื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ื™ืฉืขื™ื” (ื ื—, ื‘):
ื•ึฐืื•ึนืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื ื™ึดื“ึฐืจึนืฉืื•ึผืŸ, ื•ึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึทื™ ื™ึถื—ึฐืคึผึธืฆื•ึผืŸ, ื›ึผึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืึฒืฉืึถืจ ืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ืขึธืฉื‚ึธื”, ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึทื˜ ืึฑืœึนื”ึธื™ื• ืœึนื ืขึธื–ึธื‘, ื™ึดืฉืึฐืึธืœื•ึผื ึดื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืคึผึฐื˜ึตื™ ืฆึถื“ึถืง, ืงึดืจึฐื‘ึทืช ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื™ึถื—ึฐืคึผึธืฆื•ึผืŸ:
ื”ืจื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ืžืคืจืฉ "ื™ื“ืจืฉื•ืŸ" ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” [ืขื›"ืœ]. ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืœื• ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืก"ื“ ืžืฆืืชื™:
ื“ึผึธืจึทืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ืึถืช ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึธื ึธื ึดื™ ื•ึผืžึดื›ึผึธืœ ืžึฐื’ื•ึผืจื•ึนืชึทื™ ื”ึดืฆึผึดื™ืœึธื ึดื™: (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืœื“, ื”)
ื‘ึผึฐื™ื•ึนื ืฆึธืจึธืชึดื™ ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื“ึผึธืจึธืฉืึฐืชึผึดื™ ื™ึธื“ึดื™ ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื ึดื’ึผึฐืจึธื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืชึธืคื•ึผื’ ืžึตืึฒื ึธื” ื”ึดื ึผึธื—ึตื ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื–, ื’)
ื–ึดืจึฐืขื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึดืฆึฐื“ึธืงึธื” ืงึดืฆึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึฐืคึดื™ ื—ึถืกึถื“ ื ึดื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ื ึดื™ืจ ื•ึฐืขึตืช ืœึดื“ึฐืจื•ึนืฉื ืึถืช ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืขึทื“ ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื ื•ึฐื™ื•ึนืจึถื” ืฆึถื“ึถืง ืœึธื›ึถื: (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™, ื™ื‘)
ื›ึผึดื™ ื›ึนื” ืึธืžึทืจ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื“ึผึดืจึฐืฉืื•ึผื ึดื™ ื•ึดื—ึฐื™ื•ึผ: (ืขืžื•ืก ื”, ื“)
ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ืœึฐืงึนื•ึธื• ืœึฐื ึถืคึถืฉื ืชึผึดื“ึฐืจึฐืฉืึถื ึผื•ึผ: (ืื™ื›ื” ื’. ื›ื”).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื” "ื“ืจืฉ". ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉื" ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• "ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึถืจ ืžืฉืึถื” ืœึฐื—ึนืชึฐื ื•ึน ื›ึผึดื™ ื™ึธื‘ึนื ืึตืœึทื™ ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึดื“ึฐืจืฉื ืึฑืœึนื”ื™ื" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื—, ื˜ื•) ื•ืชืจื’ื ืื•ื ืงืœืก "ืœืžืชื‘ืข ืื•ืœืคืŸ" ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ืคืจื˜ ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืงืจื ืฉืœื ื• "ื•ื“ืขืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ื—ืคืฆื•ืŸ". ืืœื ื•ื“ืื™ ืขื ื™ื ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.

ื”ืงื“ืžื ื• ืžื‘ื•ื ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš.

ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™
ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ โ€“
ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื:
ืžืฆื•ื” ื” - ื”ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืคืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื‘ืืžืจื• 'ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื' (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”), ื•ืืžืจ 'ื•ืื•ืชื• ืชืขื‘ื“ื•' (ื“ื‘ ืจื™ื ื™ื’, ื”), ื•ืืžืจ 'ื•ืื•ืชื• ืชืขื‘ื•ื“' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื™ื’) ื•ืืžืจ 'ื•ืœืขึธื‘ื“ื•' (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื’). ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื“', ื”ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื” ื‘ืชืคืœื”. ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ 'ื•ืœืขึธื‘ื“ื• ื–ื• ืชืคืœื”'. ื•ืืžืจื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ 'ื•ืœืขึธื‘ื“ื• ื–ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ [=ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ] ืืžืจื• 'ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืงืจ ืชืคืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฆื•ืช? ืžื”ื›ื 'ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ืชื™ืจื, ื•ืื•ืชื• ืชืขื‘ื•ื“'. ื•ืืžืจื• ืขื‘ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืฉื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื ื’ื“ื• [=ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœ ืข"ื, ืฉืžื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ืชื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ] ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ืืจ ืฉืœืžื” ืข"ื” [ืžืœื›ื™ื-ื ืคืจืง ื—] [ืขื›"ืœ ืจืžื‘"ื].

ื—ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืชื• ืฉื ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.
[ื] "ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœ. ื•ื”ืขืœื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื‘ื–ื” 'ืืœื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืชืคืœื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื, ื).

[ื‘] ื•ืืžืจื• ืขื•ื“, ืกืคืง ืงืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืกืคืง ืœื ืงืจื ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื. ืกืคืง ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืกืคืง ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ, ื“ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืชืคืœื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื, ื)

[ื’] [ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืกืคืจื™ื, ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ] "ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื—, ื) ืืžืจื• ื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื“ืชื ืŸ 'ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ืŸ' [ืกืขื•ื“ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ] ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ืžืœื•ืœื‘ ื“ืงืชื ื™ 'ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•', ืืœืžื ืžืคืกื™ืง! ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืชื™ืžื: ืžืื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื? ื”ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ".

ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ ืข"ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืกืคืจื™, ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”.

ื‘"ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" ืœืจืžื‘"ื (ืžื”ื“' ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืคืจื ืงืœ) ื”ื“ืคื™ืกื• ืขืœ ื“ืฃ (ืขืž' ืจื™ื‘-ืจื™ื’) ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• "ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ", "ืœื‘ ืฉืžื—", ื•"ืงื ืืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื" ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ. ืขื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื. ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉืชื™, ื•ืื™ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืืชื ืžื“ืจืฉื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื™.

ื”ืงื“ืžื ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืžืืžืจื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื [ื•ื’ื ื–ืืช ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื]. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืืœืชื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™, ื ืืžืจ ืžืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืงืจื™? ืื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื ืืฉืชื•? ื”ืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื›ืขืช ื‘ื ื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื! [ื•ืืžื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™ ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื–ื” ืขื ื” "ืžืจืื” ื”ืคื ื™ื" ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ื ื“ืคืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ) ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื, ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœืจืžื‘"ื.

ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื• ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืœื ื™ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ื—ืžื™ืจ? ืื ื™ ืขื•ื ื” ื ื—ื–ื™ ืื ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ? ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืขื•ื“ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื•ืื– ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื [ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ืขื ื” "ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื" ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกื™' ืคื˜]. ื•ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื• ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืื– ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ื— ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื ื—ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื•ื ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.

ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื‘ืขื ื™ื ื™ ืกื•ื›ื”, ืฉืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื•ืœื‘ ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื•, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื (ืกื•ื›ื” ืœื—, ื) ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” [ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืืœื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื™ื•ื] ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื’ื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช,ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื” ืืฆืœื• ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.

ืคืจืง ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
"ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื" (ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืงื•) ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื" ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืืžืช, ื›ืš ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘"ื— ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื˜"ื–, ื•ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“. [ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช] ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ "ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื". ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ื™ "ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื" ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.

[ื] ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืจื ื• [ื‘] ื”ืจื™"ืฃ (ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื› ืข"ื‘, ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”). [ื’] ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื’ ืคืกืงื ื™ื’) [ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ืžืจืŸ ืจ"ื™ ืงืืจื• ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš, ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืขืœ ืกื™' ืง"ื•, ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ืจื™"ืฃ ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจื"ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืกืคืจ. ื•ื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื‘ื“ืขื” ืื—ืช].

ืขืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืฉื”ืžืงืจื ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื•ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ ืข"ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืง ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื, ืžื” ืื ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื“ืขืชื•? ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื› ืข"ื‘, ื•ื›ื“ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ (ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื› ืข"ื‘) ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืฉื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื”ื”ื™ื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื› ื›"ื‘) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ื‘ื’ืžืจื:
ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืœื”:
ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื• ืžื”ื• ื“ืชื™ืžื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื“ืžื™ ืงื ืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸ:

ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืจื—ืžื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื›ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื• ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจืฉ"ื™.

ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืืชืจ "ืคืจื™ื“ื‘ืจื’ โ€“ ื’ื ื™ื–ื”" ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™-ื™ื“ ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ 23; ื›ืชื‘-ื™ื“ ืคืจื™ื–, ืคื™ืจื ืฆื” 7) ืฉืœื ื’ืจืกื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืœื ื’ืจืกื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™: "ืชืคืœื”, ืคืฉื™ื˜ื! ืžื” ื“ืชื™ืžื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื” 'ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื' (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื”, ื™ื—) ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื”ื•ื ืงืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸ [=ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื].

ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™? ื›ืš ืœืฉื•ื ื•:
ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ืชืคืœื” ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื• - ื•ืœื ื’ืจืก ืคืฉื™ื˜ื, ื“ื”ื ืœืื• ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื:

ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืจืกื ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื ื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื–ื• ื›ืœืœื” ืžืœืช "ืคืฉื™ื˜ื". ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉืืœืชื ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ื‘ืฉืืœืชื ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืืœืชื ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉืืœืชื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขื ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช [ืชืคื™ืœื”]. ืžื” ืจืื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืžื—ื•ืง ืžืœื” ื–ื•?

ืืœื ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืคืฉื™ื˜ื" ืชื•ืืžืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืจ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืืŸ [ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžื–ื•ื–ื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ]. ืืœื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ืžืœืช "ืคืฉื™ื˜ื". ื•ืฉืžื ื ื”ื’ ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืชืจื‘ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ืžืœื™ื "ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•" ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืกืคืจื™ื, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืชื•ืกืคืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื [ื›ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ืชื ื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืชืช ื˜ืขื ื•ืกื‘ืจื].

ืฉื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ. ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ืžืœื™ื "ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•" ื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื”:

"ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•. ืžื”ื• ื“ืชื™ืžื ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” 'ืขืจื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื', ื›ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžื ื“ืžื™? ืงื ืžืฉืžืข ืœืŸ":

ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ-ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช "ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•" ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ื” ืืžื™ื ื "ืžื”ื• ื“ืชื™ืžื". ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื›ืืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืฆืื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”? ืืœื ื ืœืข"ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉืงื“ื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืœื™ื ืืœื• ืœื˜ื›ืกื˜. ื•ืœื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื”, ื‘; ืœื• ืข"ื; ืžื– ืข"ื‘; ืฉื‘ืช ืœื” ืข"ื ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื ื”ืžืขื ื” ื‘ืื” ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืืœื”). ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื ืžืœื™ื ืืœื• "ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•" ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ื›ืกื˜, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• .

[ื“] ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืคืกืง "ื ืจืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช" (ืขืž' 70). ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ, ื—ืœืง ืฉืฉื™, ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ื™"ื– ืกืขื™ืฃ ื) ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื” ืื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืžืื™ืจื™, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ:

[ื”] ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจ ืžืื™ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ [ื–] ื•ื›ืŸ ืจ"ื ืื‘"ื“, ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (ืืœื‘ื™ืง ืขืž' ื™ื–) [ื—] ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื ื”, ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื’ืจืกื• ื‘ื’ืžืจื "ื“ืจื—ืžื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•". [ื˜] ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจ' ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืžื˜ืจืื ื™ ื‘ืคืกืงื™ื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช [ื™] ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ืจื™ื"ื–. [ื™ื] ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” [ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ] ื”ื—ืกื™ื“.

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ, "ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ" ืขื ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืจ' ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืคืจืœื (ืขืฉื” ื‘' ืขืž' 106) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ [ื™ื‘] ืจืก"ื’ ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืžื•ื›ื™ื— [ื™ื’] ื›ื™ ื›ืš ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช [ื™ื“] ื•ื›ืŸ ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ืจื•ืœ [ื˜ื•] ื•ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืœื‘ืจืฆืœื•ื ื™ (ืืœื‘ืจื’ืœื•ื ื™).

ื•ืฉื ืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืจื•ื—ื ืคืจืœื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืชืฉืขื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืžื”ืžืงืจื "ื•ืื•ืชื• ืชืขื‘ื•ื“ื•". [ื] ืžืฉื ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช) [ื‘] ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ืกืคืจื™, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [ื’] ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘ ืข"ื [ื“] ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจ, ืฉืืžืจื• "ืœืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื›ื ื•ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื‘ื›ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืคืฉื›ื'. ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘? ื•ืื™ื–ื• ื–ื•? ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื”" ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ 'ืืœื•ื”ืš ื“ื™ ืึทืช ืคืœื— ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื, ื”ื•ื ื™ึฐืฉึตื–ึฐื‘ึดื™ื ึธืšึฐ" (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•, ื™ื–). ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ? ื•ืื™ื–ื•? ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”". [ื”] ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ืคืจืง ืฉื ื™) [ื•] ื‘ื‘ื ืงืžื ืฆื‘ ืข"ื‘ [ื–] ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืงื– ืข"ื‘, ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืงืจื "ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื ืืช ื”' ืืœื•ื”ื™ื›ื" ื–ื• ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” [ื—] ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืก"ื• "ืœืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื›ื ืื—ื“" ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžื”ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”? ืชืคื™ืœื” [ื˜] ืžื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉืœื™ ืคืจืง ื - "ืื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืœื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”' ื‘ื™ืจืื”'.

ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืืœื”, ื ืจืื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘' ืข"ื ื”ื™ื ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื. ื›ืœื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืกืžื›ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ืืกืžื›ืชื?

ืคืจืง ืจื‘ื™ืขื™
ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื ืกื•ื’ ืงืฆืช ืžืžื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื•ืื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืจืฉื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืžื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืขืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืขืœื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ืขืงื”, ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”" [ืขื›"ืœ]. ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœื” "ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ" ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช. ื›ื™ ืื ืจืง ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ืžืžื”. ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืืžืจ ืจืง ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืจื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ืืœื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืจื•ืช [ื•ืžืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื•ืช?] ืขืœื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ.








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ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ืฆื•ืจื™ืืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

ืจ"ืž ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฉืขืœื‘ื™ื, ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”, ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื. ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ.
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืจื›ื”
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืจื›ื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื“ื•ื‘ ืœื™ืื•ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–
    ื ื—

    ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
    47 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il