ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื
  • ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ
  • ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง
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1420
5 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืช ืจื—ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง
ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืžืœืง. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืขืžืœืง, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”, ื™ื–): "ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฆืืชื›ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื". ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉืœื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื˜): "ืœื ืชืฉื›ื—". ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื˜): "ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื™ื— ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ืœืš ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืš ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš ื ื—ืœื” ืœืจืฉืชื”, ืชืžื—ื” ืืช ื–ื›ืจ ืขืžืœืง ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื".

ืขืžืœืง ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ืขืžืœืง ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ืš ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืจืฉืขื™ ืขื•ืœื ืœืฆืืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื ื’ื“ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ืจื“ืคื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื ืจื“ืคื” - ืžื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื‘, ื”ืื™ื ืงื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืช"ื— ื•ืช"ื˜ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉืคืงื“ื” ืืช ืขืžื ื•. ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขืžืœืง.

ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื (823)
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
342 - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื—ืœืง
343 - ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื’ื“ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจืข
344 - ืœื ืจื‘ ืžื˜ืขื
ื˜ืขืŸ ืขื•ื“
 ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื–ื”ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง
ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืจื—ืžื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืกื“ ืžื˜ื‘ืขื, ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ื•ืœื ืœืฉื›ื—ื, ื•ืœืžื—ื•ืชื• ืžื”ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืข ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชืŸ ืœืืจืฅ: ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืžืœืš, ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืช ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ื•ืื—"ื› ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›, ื‘).
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ืช ืขืžืœืง ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืื ื”ื–ื“ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ืขืžืœืงื™ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•, ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ื• - ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• (ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืจื“). ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื ืื‘ื“ ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ืื•ืœื ืื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ืขืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืžืœืงื™ ื•ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื“ืจื›ื, ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื• (ืข' ืงื•ืœ ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื‘, ืžื‘).

ื”ืื ืขืžืœืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžื™ืชื”
ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื—, ืคืงืข ืžืžื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืžืœืง ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื•. ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื—: ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืคื˜ื• ืฆื“ืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•, ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' (ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืกื’ื™ ื ื”ื•ืจ), ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™.

ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืขืžืœืง ืฉืœื•ื
ื•ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืื ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืœืง ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื—, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื—, ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœื”ื ืžืก. ืื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ื. ื•ืื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• - ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื ื’ื“ื ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืชื. ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื’ื ืื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื, ืืœื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืชื (ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•, ื-ื“, ื›ืก"ืž ืฉื).

ื”ืื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขืžืœืงื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืžืœืงื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ (ื”ืœ' ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืื” ื™ื‘, ื™ื–). ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืจืข ืขืžืœืง, ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื ื–, ื‘; ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื•, ื‘). ื”ืจื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื’ืจื™ื ืžื–ืจืขื• ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืจ ืžืขืžืœืง. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื (ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—), ืฉื ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื• ืฉืื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืžืœืงื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ - ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง - ื›ืš ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื–ืจืข ืขืžืœืง, ื•ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื•ื”ื• (ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•). ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขืžืœืงื™ ืžืฆืืฆืื™ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืื ืก ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆืื• ืื•ืชื ืžืœืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง (ืจืกื™ืกื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืœื—, ื”). ืื• ืฉื–ืจืขื• ื ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ, ื•ื ื•ื“ืข ืื—"ื› ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื–ืจืข ื”ืžืŸ, ื•ื’ื™ื•ืจื ื’ื™ื•ืจ (ืจ"ื— ืคืœืื’'ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ ืœืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื–ืžื ื™ื ื™ื“, ื—, 10).

ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื’ืœืื˜ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืš ื•ืœืงืœืฃ ืืช ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืชื ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ืฉืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ืจืคื• ืขืงื‘ ืกื™ืจื›ืช ื”ืจื™ืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืกืœืื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ืœื’ื•ื™ื, ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืงืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงืœื•ืช.
ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉื™ ืกืžื•ืืœ, ืจื‘ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืฉื‘ืขืช ืฉื—ื™ ืžืจืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืจืž"ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืคืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœืŸ.
ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืืจืฅ ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ืช, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ืงืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื˜ืจื™ืคื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื™ ืฉื›ืš ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื“"ืจ ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ืกืคื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ ืื™ื ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉื—ื™ื˜ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคื”.

ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื’ืœืื˜ ืฉืžืชืืจื— ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืฉืจ
ืฉืืœื”: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืžื™ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ 'ื—ืœืง' (ื’ืœืื˜) ื•ืžืชืืจื— ืืฆืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื•ื•ืงื 'ื—ืœืง', ื•ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืœืง'. ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืื• ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข?
ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื• ื›ืฉืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ "ืกืคืง ืกืคื™ืงื ืœื”ืงืœ". ืกืคืง ืื—ื“, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืš ื•ืœืžืฉืžืฉ ื•ืœืงืœื•ืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื ืงื‘ ืชื—ืช ื”ืกื™ืจื›ื. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง (ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื‘ื•ื”ื‘ ืฉื›, ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื” ื™ื•"ื“ ื’).
ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืื™ื ื• 'ื—ืœืง', ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• 'ื—ืœืง' ืจืง ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ 'ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ' ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื˜ืจื™ืคื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื“ืงืŸ, ื•ืื–ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ 'ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ' ื”ื‘ืฉืจ 'ื—ืœืง'. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืื™ื ื• 'ื—ืœืง' ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกื™ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช 'ื—ืœืง' ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื–. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื›ืš ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืคืจ"ื— ืœื˜, ื’; ืฉืื’ืช ืืจื™ื” ืกื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื˜ืจื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืกืคืง.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ื”ื‘ืฉืจ 'ื—ืœืง', ืจืฉืื™ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ 'ื—ืœืง' ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ.

ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช
ืืžื ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช, ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ 'ื—ืœืง' ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข. ื•ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื 'ื—ืœืง' ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืจ. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืคืขืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืžืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื›ืฉืจื™ื, ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืœื ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืฆืžื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื’ื ืœืœื ื‘ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืฆืžื•ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืื’ื‘, ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื™ืžืฆื ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืฉื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืงื™ื™ื.
ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื” ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืงืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืœืกืžื•ืš.

ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช
ืœืฆืขืจื™ ืขืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื“"ืฆื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืžืคื•ืืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช "ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ", ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืฆืžื•ื“ื”. ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืžื˜ืขืžื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืขื“ื” ืคืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืฉืขื” ืงืœื”, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ื‘ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“"ืฆื™ื ืืœื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื. ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื‘ื“"ืฆื™ื ืืœื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืขื“ื” ื›ืฉืจื” ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืฆืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืžื˜ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ืข
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื“
  • ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื

    ืื‘ ืชืฉืค"ื’
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฆื‘ื™ ืจื™ืžื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
     ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื‘ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il