ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ืžืฅ, ืžืฆื” ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืกื—
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืคืกื—
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื•
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11 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ
ืืจื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื—, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืื—ืช:
ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื’): "ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ", ื•ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— ื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื—ืžืฅ. ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื™ื‘, ื›): "ื›ึผึธืœ ืžึทื—ึฐืžึถืฆึถืช ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ", ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ืฉืœื ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืžื—ืžืช ืขืฆืžื• ืืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืืฃ ืื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืžื—ืžืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ - ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคืกื—. ืขื•ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืžืฅ, ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืขื•ื ืฉื ืžืœืงื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— - ื›ืจืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉื ื˜ื•): "ื›ึผึธืœ ืึนื›ึตืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืึนืŸ ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดืขึดื™".
ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ - ืฉืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื™ื˜): "ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืฉื‚ึฐืึนืจ ืœึนื ื™ึดืžึผึธืฆึตื ื‘ึผึฐื‘ึธืชึผึตื™ื›ึถื", ืฉืื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืืกื•ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืจืง ืฉืื•ืจ ืืœื ื’ื ื—ืžืฅ ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•.
ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ - ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื–): "ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ืึตืช ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื, ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึตืจึธืึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉื‚ึฐืึนืจ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื’ึผึฐื‘ึปืœึถืšึธ". ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื ืคื—ื• ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื›ื–ื™ืช, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื.
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื”, ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืื•ืจ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื˜ื•): "ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ืชึผึนืื›ึตืœื•ึผ, ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทืฉืึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืชื•ึผ ืฉึผื‚ึฐืึนืจ ืžึดื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ื›ึถื".

ื‘ - ื–ืžื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื
ืืฃ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช (ื˜"ื•-ื›"ื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ), ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื— ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืžื‘ืชื™ื ื•.
ื’ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืžืฅ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื‘-ื’): "ื•ึฐื–ึธื‘ึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ืคึผึถืกึทื— ืœึทื”'... ืœึนื ืชึนืื›ึทืœ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื—ึธืžึตืฅ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืคืกื— ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื ืื”. 1
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืืกืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขื”, ื•ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื•ืืกืจื• ืฉืชื™ ืฉืขื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืขื•ื ืŸ (ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืŸ) ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื.
ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช: ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื ืงืจื ืฉืขื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ืื• ืœืžื•ื›ืจื• ืœื’ื•ื™. ืžืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื ืืกืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืื ืฉื›ื— ืœืžื›ืจื• ืœื’ื•ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื‘ื“ื•. ื•ืžืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืฉืขื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ (ื•ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื’, ื•).
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ื’, ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื: ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื. 2 ื•ืืฃ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“ ืื—ืจ ื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ืžืฉื ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ื’ ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ื›ืจืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื˜ื•): "ื›ึผึธืœ ืึนื›ึตืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื ึผึถืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึดื™ึผึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืึนืŸ ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดืขึดื™".
ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื•ืชืจ ื”ื—ืžืฅ, ืืœื ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกืจื• ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื - ืืกืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ืื”. ืื‘ืœ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืคืกื— ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืชื• ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืžื—, ื-ื’).

ื’ - ืžื”ื• ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžื”ื• ืฉืื•ืจ
ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื— ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื•. ื•ื”ื: ื—ื™ื˜ื”, ืฉืขื•ืจื”, ืฉื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ, ืฉื™ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืืœื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ืœื—ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื›ืœื• ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช - "ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ", ื•ืื—ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืœื—ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื ื•ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื‘ืฆืงื• ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชืคื™ื—ืชื•.
ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ: ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืฉืื•ืจ, ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืžื™ื ื•ืงืžื—. ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื—ื ื•ืขื•ื’ื•ืช. ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ืœื ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ื•ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืื•ืจ. ืฉืื•ืจ (ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืžืจื™ื) ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืืจืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืชืกื•ืก ื•ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืžื•ืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืื“ื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืื•ืจ ืœื–ืจื– ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืžื™ื ื•ืขื•ื’ื•ืช. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ ื—ืžืฅ. ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื“ื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉื”ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ื›ื–ื™ืช ืžื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื–, ื‘).
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืขืจื‘ื• ืงืžื— ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืœื•ืฉื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ ื™ื›ื ื™ืกื•ื ืœืชื ื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืฆื” ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ื–ื›ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ืœื“): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐืฆึตืงื•ึน ื˜ึถืจึถื ื™ึถื—ึฐืžึธืฅ". ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฆืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœื”, ื).
ืื•ืจื– ื•ื“ื•ื—ืŸ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื”ื ืชื•ืคื—ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ื ืžืฆื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืคืกื—.
ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘: ื›ื•ืกืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืกืžืช ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช (ื’ืจืขืฆ'ืงืข), ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื™ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืคืกื—, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ (ืž"ื‘ ืชื ื’, ื“, ื–. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื“ื’ืŸ ื›ื•ืกืžืช).

ื“ - ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื‘ื‘ืฆืง
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื ืœืžืฆื”, ืฉื”ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืœ ื”ืœื—ื ืขื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืžืฆื”, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืกื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืžื— ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ืžื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื™ื ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืื•ืจ (ืฉืžืจื™ื), ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื‘ืฆืง ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืฉืžืจื™ื, ืื ื™ืฉื”ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ืœื ืœื™ืฉื” - ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ ื•ื™ืชืคื—. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ.
ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืฆืง ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ืœื™ืฉื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืชืžืฉืš ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื, ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœื ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืฉื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื™ืฉื”ื” 18 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืžืฆื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื—ืžืฅ ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœื™ื•.
ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืžื•ืืฅ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-18 ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ.
ืื ืจืื• ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ืกื“ืงื™ื - ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง 18 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื™ืฉื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื• ืกื“ืงื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ืื• ืฉื”ืœื™ืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ื”ื•ื–ื ื—ื• ืœืœื ืœื™ืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชืคืชื— ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ืžื•ืขื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืจืื• ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืฆืง - ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื—ืžืฅ. ื•ืื ืœื ื ืจืื• ื‘ื• ืกื“ืงื™ื ื•ืจืง ื ืฉืชื ื” ืžืจืื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืขื“ ืฉื”ื›ืกื™ืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”' ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื˜, ื‘). 3

ื” - ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”
ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืืกืจื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื• ืคืขื•ืœืช ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ื ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” 'ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”', ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกืจื•ื”ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื• ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื• ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ืžืžืฉ.
ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ื“ื‘ืง ืฉื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžืงืžื— ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื• ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฆื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืืœื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”', ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื•ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— (ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื‘, ื‘). ื•ืื ื ืฉืชื ืชื” ืฆื•ืจืชื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืง ื”ื–ื” ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื“ื‘ืง ืžื‘ืฆื‘ืฅ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืฆื•ืจืชื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืจืž"ื ืชืžื‘, ื’).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื™ืกื” ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื” ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื›ืกื™ืคื• ืคื ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืกื“ืงื• ืคื ื™ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืกื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”', ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืกื— (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื˜, ื‘). 4

ื• - ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื ืคืกืœ ืžืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘
ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืชืขืคืฉ ืื• ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ืžืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืžืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ืขื™ืกื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืžืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื ื ืคืกืœื™ื ืžืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื - ืคื’ ืžื”ื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืžืฅ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืคืกืœ ืžืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›'ืฉืื•ืจ' ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืกื”. ื•ืจืง ืื ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื ืคืกืœ ืžืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘, ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืœืื•ื›ืœ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืžื‘, ื‘; ืž"ื‘ ื™). ืืžื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืื•ื›ืœ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื‘, ืžื’). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉืืฃ ืฉื ืคืกืœื• ืžืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื.
ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืื• ื”ืฉืื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืœืงืœื• ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืœื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืฉืื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืชืงืœืงืœ ืืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื‘, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื›ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืžืจื™ื), ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืžืฅ ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืจื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืžื‘, ื˜).
ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉื—ืžืฅ ืฉื ืคืกืœ ืžืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘ ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ, ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื ืคืกืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘, ืืฃ ืื ืื—"ื› ื ืคืกืœ ืžืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘ - ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืขืจื•, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืขื“ ืฉืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ (ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื‘, ื˜; ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”, 5). 5
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืื“ื ืื• ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื ื›'ืฉืื•ืจ', ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื ื›ืœืœ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘ - ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืžืฅ. ืืžื ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืฉื‘ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ืขืจื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืื›ื™ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื 'ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”' ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช.

ื– - ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ืžื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืงืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืืฉ, ื™ืขืงืจ ืžื”ื ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ, ื•ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื ื‘ืžื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื ืœื ืงืœื• ืื•ืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืืฉ, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืžื’ืข ืขื ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืžื™ืฆื•, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื–ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื“ื’ืŸ. ื•ืื ื ืจื˜ื‘ื• ื•ืฉื”ื• 18 ื“ืงื•ืช - ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื•, ื•ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื‘ื“ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืกื’, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื–).
ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ืจื’ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืงืœื• ื‘ืืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืงืžื—, ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ืœื ืงืœื• ืืช ื”ืงืžื— ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื‘ืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ื—ืžืฅ (ืจืฉ"ื™, ืจืžื‘"ื). ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืงืžื— ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ืœื ืงืœื•ื”ื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืกืž"ืง, ื”ื’ื”"ืž ื•ืขื•ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืจื‘ ืงืžื— ืงืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ. ืืœื ืฉืื ืขื™ืจื‘ื•ื”ื•, ืืฃ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืื•ื›ืœื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื— ื•ืœืื•ื›ืœื• (ืž"ื‘ ืชืกื’, ื—; ื›ื”"ื— ื™ื’).
ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื” ืฉื ืืคืชื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืžื•ืกื›ื ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ, ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืžืฆื” ื•ืคืจื•ืจื™ ืžืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื” ืฉืจื•ื™ื” (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื‘).
ื’ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ื”ืงืžื— ื‘ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืกืช ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ. ืืœื ืฉื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืืกืจื• ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื—ืœื•ื˜, ื•ืื ื”ืจืชื™ื—ื” ืœื ืชื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื•ื ืžื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืงืžื— ืฉื ื—ืœื˜ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื” ื›ื—ืžืฅ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืขืจื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื“, ื’; ืž"ื‘ ื™ื’).
ืงืžื— ืฉื ื•ืคืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื“ืœืฃ, ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืคื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื“ืช ืืช ื”ืงืžื— ื•ืžื–ืขื–ืขืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—. ื•ืžื™ื“ ื›ืฉื™ืคืกื™ืง ื”ื“ืœืฃ ื™ืฉ ืœืœื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงืžื— ื•ืœืืคื•ืชื•. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ื”ื“ืœืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจืฆื•ืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืกืคืง ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืงืžื— ื›ืืœ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืขืจื• (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืœื˜, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืกื•, ื•).
ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง - ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื (ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื•, ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื–, ื‘). ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืจื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ (ืจื"ืฉ, ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื—). 6
ืงืžื— ืฉื ื™ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ ื›ืœืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืขื™ืจื‘ื• ื‘ื• ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืžื™ืฅ (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื).



^ 1.. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ื—ืœื” ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ื˜ื•): "ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืชึผึทืฉืึฐื‘ึผึดื™ืชื•ึผ ืฉึผื‚ึฐืึนืจ ืžึดื‘ึผึธืชึผึตื™ื›ึถื", ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืžืจื” "ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ" ืœื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื— ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืœ ื™ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืœ ื™ืžืฆื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ืชื•, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื“, ื‘).
ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ืื” ืžื—ืžืฅ ื—ืœ ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›ื—, ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ืจืžื‘"ื, ืจ"ื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืืช, ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื“ืขืช ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืคืกื— ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ื—ืœื” ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคืกืงื• ื›ืžื•ืชื•, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืฉื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืคื™ ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ, ืœืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจืื‘"ื“, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ื’ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจืคืชื•, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืžืฉืขื” ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉืขื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืื•ืจ, ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ืžืฅ ืื™ื ื” ืื•ืกืจืช ืœืื›ืœื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื‘ื™ืชื•. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื ืื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื—ืœ ืžื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืžื’, ื.
ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืคืกื—, ืœืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ (ืคืกื—ื™ื ื›ื—-ื›ื˜), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืคืกืง (ืจืžื‘"ื ื, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื—, ื–).
^ 2.. ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื (ืจืื‘"ื“, ืžื”ืจ"ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš, ืž"ื ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื’, ื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื™"ื“ (ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžืจ"ื— ื•ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ, ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืชืžื’, ื‘).
^ 3.. ืื ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืชืคื—, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ (ืžืื™ืจื™), ื•ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืกื“ืงื™ื ื•ืžืจืื” ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืจืง ืœืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœื ืชืคื—. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืชื•ืคื— ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืžืฅ ืืœื ืกื™ืจื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจื– ืื• ื‘ื“ื’ืŸ ืขื ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืคื™ื—ื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืงืžื— ื•ืžื™ื, ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืžืŸ, ืื ืฉื”ื” ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื‘ืœื ืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ, ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืžืฅ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื’ืž' ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื•, ื. ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื˜, ื‘, ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื”ื•ื 18 ื“ืงื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื‘ืจื˜ื ื•ืจื ืฉืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ 24 ื“ืงื•ืช. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืฉื‘ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืกืชื, ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื—ืžืฅ, ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ 18 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
ื•ืืžื ื ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจื™, ืฉืจืง ืื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืžืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืœื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ื’ื ืื ืฉื”ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืžืฅ. ืื‘ืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื›"ื› ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื” ื”, ื™ื’, ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื˜, ื‘. ื•ื”ืคืž"ื’ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืกื– ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืžืฅ ื’ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื•ื›ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช. ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ื - ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืจื"ื, ื”ื’ื”"ืž ื•ืžืจื“ื›ื™, ื•ื”ื•ืกื›ื ืœื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื”ืชื—ืžื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืžืžื”ืจ ื—ื™ืžื•ืฆื•. ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืชื ื˜, ื‘. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื•, ื, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฆืง ื”ื—ืจืฉ). ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ืื ื”ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืชื”"ื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื˜ืœืช ืืช ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืงื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชื ื˜, ื˜ื–.
ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื—, ื‘: "ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืฆืง ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ", ื•ื‘ืืจื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืจืžื‘"ื ื”, ื™ื’, ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•"ืข ืชื ื˜, ื‘, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ืกืง ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ืจืื” ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื”ืœื™ืฉื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืžื”ืœืš ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ืœื—ืžืฅ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื‘"ื— ืขืค"ื™ ืจื™ื"ื– ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื” (ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื), ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืฉื” ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ืœืš ืžื™ืœ - ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ืžื™ืฅ; ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืœื™ืฉื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื—ืžืฅ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืขื” ื–ื•, ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืœื™ืฉื” ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-18 ื“ืงื•ืช, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชื ื˜, ื–.
^ 4.. ื“ืขืช ืฉื•"ืข ืชืžื–, ื™ื‘, ืฉื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื™ืจ ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืกืจื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื—. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืชืžื‘, ื›-ื›ื, ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื‘, ื‘, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจื• ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื•, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืคืกื—ื™ื ืžื—, ื‘, ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”; ื•ืžื‘, ื, ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื•. ื’ื ืงืžื— ืฉื ื™ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืจ"ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืžืฅ ื ื•ืงืฉื”, ื•ืขื™' ืœืงืžืŸ ื—, ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”.
^ 5.. ืื ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ืคืกื— ื•ืื—"ื› ืคืกืœื• ืžืžืื›ืœ ื›ืœื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืžื‘, ืžื“, ืขืค"ื™ ื—ืง ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืชื”"ื“ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื’, ืกื‘, ืฉื”ื™ืงืœ. ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื‘, ืก, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืขืจื” ืกื™ื›ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืขื” ืฉื ืคืกืœื• ืžืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื ืคื’ ืื™ืกื•ืจื, ืขื™' ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืงื’, ื-ื”.
^ 6.. ื”ืื ื’ื ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืขื™ืกื” ืœืžืงืคื™ื ืขื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื”? ืœืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื’, ื ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ืฅ ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื• ื›ืœื™ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื’, ืงืกื•, ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘, ื ื—, ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืงืคืื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืžืฆื”. ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื™ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ืื” ื•ืœืืคื•ืชื” ื‘ืคืกื—, ืฉื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืกืžื›ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืืœื ืฉืื ื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืขื™ืกื” ืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื— ื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœืืคื•ืชื” ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืฆื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ืื” ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืกื— ื•ืื– ืœื”ืคืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืœืืคื•ืชื”.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื”, ื ืคืงื ืžื™ื ื ืœื—ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชื ื“, ื™ื’.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ืžืฅ ื•ืžืฆื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–
    ื ื—

    ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
    47 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il