ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžื ื”ื’
  • ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ื
  • ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ
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16 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืจื™ื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–"ืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•, ื›ื‘-ื›ื–): "ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึผึตืจ ื”' ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉืึถื” ืœึผึตืืžึนืจ. ื“ึผึทื‘ึผึตืจ ืึถืœ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื‘ึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืœึตืืžึนืจ, ื›ึผึนื” ืชึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื. ื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐืšึธ ื”' ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจึถืšึธ. ื™ึธืึตืจ ื”' ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึดื™ื—ึปื ึผึถืšึผึธ. ื™ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ื”' ืคึผึธื ึธื™ื• ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉื‚ึตื ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉืึธืœื•ึนื. ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ืึฒื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึตื".
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืงืจืื• ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืกืจื‘, ืืฃ ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื–ื™ืจื•ื– ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ึผึนื” ืชึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ, ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื, ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžื•ึผ ืึถืช ืฉืึฐืžึดื™". ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื—, ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื˜ื•, ื™ื‘).
ื•ืืฃ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจืš ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ืงืจืื• ืœื• ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ืขืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื’).
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื—ืจื“ื™ื (ื™ื‘, ื™ื—) ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืœื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืชื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืขื•ื ื™ื ืืžืŸ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืชื, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”.
ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• (ืžื•"ื  ื—"ื’ ืคืจืง ืžื“; ื”ืขืงื“ื” ืฉืขืจ ืขื“). ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืขื—). ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื ื•. ืื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”: "ื‘ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื ืชืœื™ื ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื•, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช.

ื‘ - ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืžื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื›ื’; ืž"ื‘ ืคื˜). 1
ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•. ืœื›ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช, ื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืžื•ื ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื‘ืจืš. ืืš ื’ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืžื•ื ืฉื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืจื’ืœื•, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืฉืžื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืฉื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ื ืฉืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ืœ, ืœื).
ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ืžืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืช 'ืืœืฃ' ื‘ื”ื’ื™ื™ืช 'ืขื™ืŸ', ืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื• ืืช ื”'ืขื™ืŸ' ื•ื”'ื—ื™ืช' ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื• ืžื•ื›ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™, ืชื™ืžื ื™ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช. ื•ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื• ืžืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ืžื’ื ืžืื•ื“, ืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ืœื’; ืž"ื‘ ืฉื).
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืฉืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืชื - ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ.

ื’ - ืžืงื•ื ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื
ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ืžื•ืœื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•, ื›ื’): "ื›ึผึนื” ืชึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื", ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ, ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ืžืขื.
ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“, ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ื—ื•ืœื” ืื• ื—ืœืฉ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื ื; ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ื™ื—).
ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืื ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืœ ืฆื™ื“ื™ื”ื, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื•ื™ืคื ื• ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืงื•ืžื ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืฆื“ ืฉืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื›ื“).
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื™ืฉ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืคื ื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื• ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื - ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”.
ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ืžืช ืื•ื ืก ืœื ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืจืง ืืœื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชืจืฉืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื - ืื™ื ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื›ื—, ื›ื“, 'ืื'). 2

ื“ - ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”
ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื: "ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื—, ื™ื“). ื›ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื‘, ื), ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื, ื™; ื˜ื–, ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•, ื›ื’): " ื›ึผึนื” ืชึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ื•ึผ", ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข - ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืคื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชืืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื ื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžื”' ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ึผื•ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืฉ ืื• ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืืœืฅ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™, ื—): "ืœึฐืฉืึธืจึฐืชื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ื‘ึผึดืฉืึฐืžื•ึน", ืžื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืืžืจ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื—, ื).
ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ืžืจืืฉื• ื•ืขื“ ืจื’ืœื™ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”.
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜, ื›ื‘): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึตื". ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื• ื—ืœื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืงืŸ ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” - ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืจืš. ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืจืฆื•ืขื” ืื• ืžื•ื˜ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื•, ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืกื™ื•ืข (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื ื‘).
ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืžื‘ืจืกืœื‘, ืฉื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”. ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื•ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืœื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืกืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืœื‘, ื•ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื›ื” ื’, ืžื): "ื ึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึตื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ ื›ึผึทืคึผึธื™ึดื ืึถืœ ืึต-ืœ ื‘ึผึทืฉึผืึธืžึธื™ึดื". ื›ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื—ื–ืงื” (ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื”, ื’).
ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ืฉื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื, ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ื›ืžื™ื”ื” ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืœ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•ืžืชื•ืงืŸ (ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื—"ื ืจืคื“).
ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžื•ืข, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื", ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื—, ื). ืื ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืงื˜ืŸ, ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™, ืฉื›ืš ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื˜ืŸ. ื•ืื ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืจื, ื›ืš ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื• ื—ืœื•ืฉ, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืฉื•ืžืขื•, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื ื’). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืœื• ื—ืœืฉ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืžื”ื (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื˜ื•, ื›ื).
ื” - ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉึผื‚ึธื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืช ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืึถืœ ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฐื›ึตื, ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ืžึตืขึฒืฉื‚ึนืช ื”ึทื—ึทื˜ึผึธืืช ื•ึฐื”ึธืขึนืœึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืึฐืœึธืžึดื™ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื˜, ื›ื‘). ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื ื• ืœื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื•.
ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชื•ืงืงื•ืช ืœืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืฉืœืงืจืืช ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื•.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืจืฆื”', ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขืงืจ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืจืฆื”', ื”ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื—). ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืจืฆื”', ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœืขืงื•ืจ ืืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื›ื”).
ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืื—ืจ, ื•ืจื•ืื” ืฉืœื ื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืจืฆื”', ื™ืคืกืข ืคืกื™ืขื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคืกื™ืขื” ื–ื• ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืจืฆื”', ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื™ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื ื˜ื™ืœืชื•, ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื›ื–, ื›ื—; ืฉืขื”"ืฆ ืœ, ืกืคืจ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื–, ื‘, ื”ืขืจื” ื—).
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืฉื›ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ืœื—). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืขื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ืจื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื˜, ื). ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืื—ืจ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื” - ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื. 3

ื• - ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืขื“ ื”ืคืจืง, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“. ื•ืจืžื– ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืงืœื“, ื‘): "ืฉื‚ึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึตื›ึถื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื•ึผื‘ึธืจึฐื›ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”'". ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื˜, ื). ื ื—ืœืงื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื–ื•: ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืชืคื™ืœื” ื˜ื•, ื”), ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•ื˜ืœืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืœื ืœื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืœื˜, ื), ื’ื ืื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื•ื˜ืœืŸ ื•ืœืงื“ืฉืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื.
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืงื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื˜ื™ืœื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ื ืคื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืื ืชืงื ื• ืœื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื›ื“ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื"ืจ).
ืžื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื ื˜ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืง ืžื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื•ื™, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืงืฆืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืœื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจ - ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื•, ืž"ื‘ ื›ื‘).
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื, ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื ืงื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืžื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืœืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืœื ื™ื˜ืขื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช. ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื ื™ืงืจืื• ืœื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ื”ืจื”ืจื• ืื—ืจื™ื•, ืฉื ืคืกืœ ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”.
ื– - ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืชื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื• ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ื™ื›ืจื™ื– "ื›ื”ื ื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•, ื›ื’): "ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงืจื•ื "ื›ื”ื ื™ื" ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืชื. ื•ืื ืจืง ื›ื”ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื "ื›ื”ื ื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”: "ืึธืžื•ึนืจ ืœึธื”ึถื", ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉื ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื "ื›ื”ื ื™ื" (ืฉื•"ืข ืงื›ื—, ื™). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ืš, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื›ื”ื ื™ื (ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืคืจืฅ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืงื›ื—; ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืงื›ื—, ื˜).
ื’ื ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืขืฆืžื, ืืœื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื™ืœื” ืžื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžืงืจื™ืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื—ืœืฉ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืงื•ืœื• ื™ืฉืžืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืฉ ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืžืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื (ืขื™' ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ื™ื–; ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื™ื‘, ื’). ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ืืžืŸ.
ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• (ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื) ืฉ"ื‘ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืชืชื ืชืœื™ื ืืชืขืจื•ืชื ื“ืœืขื™ืœื". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืžืœืžื˜ื” ืœืจืฆื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื– "ื›ื”ื ื™ื", ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืคื™ื• ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”', ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืชื. ื•ื’ื ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงืจื•ื ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ืžื™ืœื” ื•ืžื™ืœื”, ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื‘ื˜ื ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ืœื”, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื• (ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืžื”ืจ"ืŸ, ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื’, ื“).
ื— - ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื—ืœื™ืฆืช ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”
ืื—ืช ืžืชืฉืข ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงืŸ ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ (ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™), ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื. ืชืงื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื”ื ื›ืฉืœืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืื• ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ืื—ื“ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืชืงื ืชื• - ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืื” ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ืจื›ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ื›ืฉืœืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืจืคืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืœื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืจื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืง ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™, ืฉื—ืฉืฉื• ืฉืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—, ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื—ืจืคืชื•, ื™ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ืœืงืฉื•ืจ ืืช ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื™ื—ืฉื“ื• ื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื•ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืž, ื).
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืื• ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื. ื•ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ืœื ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกืชื ื ืขืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืขื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืœ ื ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื ืืกืจื• ื‘ืชืงื ืช ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ.
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื™ื ืื• ื‘ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืœื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื”ื (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ื™ื—). ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืœืš ื‘ืกื ื“ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืคื™ื (ืขื•ืœืช ืชืžื™ื“ ืก"ืง ื™ื).
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืฉืืœื”, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื ื›ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืฅ ืืช ื ืขืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฆื‘ื, ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ืฅ ืืช ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื™ืฉื ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืฉืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ืื– ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื’ื ืื™. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื™ื•ืช (ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื‘ ืœื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื›ื”; ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื‘, ื™ื’).

ื˜ - ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืœื—ื ืš ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘, ื–): "ื›ึผึดื™ ืฉื‚ึดืคึฐืชึตื™ ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ื™ึดืฉืึฐืžึฐืจื•ึผ ื“ึทืขึทืช ื•ึฐืชื•ึนืจึธื” ื™ึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉืื•ึผ ืžึดืคึผึดื™ื”ื•ึผ". ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื—ืกื“ ื•ืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” "ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•ื, ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื”" (ืื‘ื•ืช ื, ื™ื‘). ืกื™ืคืจื• ืขืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืชื•, ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืœืคื™ ื–ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื ืคืจื“ื•. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืื”ืจืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•.
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื“, ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ-ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืคืจื ืกืชื ืชื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช-ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื”ื, ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืชื•. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช, ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช. ื•ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืงืœื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืกื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื.
ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ืชื ืœืขื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”' ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”: "ืืฉืจ ืงื“ืฉื ื• ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืฆื•ื•ื ื• ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”". ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ืื ื™ื‘ืจืš ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื ืื”, ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืกื›ื ื”. ืืœื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื ืื” ืžืœื™ื‘ื•, ืื• ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ืœื–; ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื‘, ืชื™ื’).

ื™ - ื›ื”ืŸ ืจืฉืข
ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืขื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื’ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช (ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš), ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ืžื ืข ืขืฆืžื• ืžืœื‘ืจืš, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื˜ื ืขืœ ืคืฉืข. ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื˜ื•, ื•): "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืื“ื ืจืฉืข, ื”ื•ืกืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืจึถืฉึทืข ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช".
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืžื•ื” ืื™ืš ื›ื”ืŸ ืจืฉืข ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”' ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื”ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ืฉืคืชื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื™ื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืจืš, ืืœื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื–; ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืช ืจืื™ื” ื—"ื ืขืž' ืจืคื’).
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื˜ื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื ื’ืจื•ืฉื” ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื–ื”ืจ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžื ืœืžืชื™ื, ืืกืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืชื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ื‘ื”ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื ืกื• ืื•ืชื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื›ื”ื ื™ื.
ื•ืื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ืจืฉ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืืฉืชื•, ื•ืœื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžื ืœืžืชื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื˜ืžื ืœืžืชื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื—, ืž-ืžื).
ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ื ืคืกืœ ืžืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื–ืืช ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื” ืคืกื•ืœ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืช-ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืคืกื•ืœ ืžืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜, ื, ื•ืชื•ืก' ืฉื). ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื—, ืœื–).
ื™ืฉื ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืขืœ ื”'ืžืฉื ื”-ื‘ืจื•ืจื”' (ืงื›ื—, ืงืœื“). ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื’ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”-ื–ืจื”. ืฉื ื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืœืžื—ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื•. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื”ืคื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืจืกื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžื—ืœืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืžื—ืœืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื, ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื—ืœืœ ืืช ืฉื ื”' ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืžืงื™ืœื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. 4
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืฉืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ.

ื™ื - ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืคืกื•ืœ ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ
ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœื ื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื, ื˜ื•): "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืคึธืจึดืฉื‚ึฐื›ึถื ื›ึผึทืคึผึตื™ื›ึถื ืึทืขึฐืœึดื™ื ืขึตื™ื ึทื™ ืžึดื›ึผึถื ื•ื›ื•' ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ื›ึถื ื“ึผึธืžึดื™ื ืžึธืœึตืื•ึผ" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื‘). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื, ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืงืฆืจ ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื™ืžื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื’ื•ืืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืกื“, ื›ืžื• ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’, ืคื’ื ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ื”'ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ-ืขืจื•ืš' (ืื•"ื— ืงื›ื—, ืœื”), ืฉื•ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื— ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืœื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื™ื’ื•ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจ, ื•ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืื“ื ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื.
ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืž"ื, ืื ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ื™ืœืš ืืฆืœ ื—ื›ื ืฉื™ืกื“ืจ ืœื• ืกื“ืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื“, ืื–ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื’ืžืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื, ืฉืื“ื ืฉืฉื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื“ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืจืฆื— ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ืื ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืืžืฆืขื™ืช, ืฉื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื— ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ื•ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” - ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉืจืฆื— ื‘ืžื–ื™ื“, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ืคืจ"ื—, ื"ืจ; ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงื›ื—, ืœื”).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืื• ืžื–ื™ื“ ื™ืœืš ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื• ืฉื™ื“ืจื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื™ื•ืจื” ืœื• ืื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื›ืคื™ื•.
ื’ื ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื“ืจืก ื‘ืฉื’ื’ื” ืื“ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช - ืคืกื•ืœ ืžืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื’ืชื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉืคืชืื•ื ืงืคืฅ ื™ืœื“ ืืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื“ืจื™ืกืชื•. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื•ื’ื’ ืืœื ื›ื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืื•ื ืก, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื—ื›ื, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื™ืฉื ืืช ื›ืคื™ื• (ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื”, ื˜ื–).



^ 1.. ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื• ื ื•ืกื— ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ 'ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื', ืืœื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ืžืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืžืจื•. ืœืฉื•"ืข ืงืœ, ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ื—ืœื•ื ื‘ืขืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• 'ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื', ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื”, ื‘. ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืงืœ, ื˜, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื. ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืงืœ, ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ื' ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ 'ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•ื'. ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ, ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ื”ื˜"ื–. ื•ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื ื”ื’ื•.
^ 2.. ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืžืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ืื ื•ืก, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื ื™ื, ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ื”ืคืกืงื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืž"ืž ื‘ืœื ื”ื›ืจื— ืื™ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช, ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. (ื‘ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื—"ื” ื›, ื›ื’, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื™ืœืš. ื•ื‘ื—"ื“ ื›ื, ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื™ืคืš).
ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉืชื•ืง ื•ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืจื›ืชื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืืžืŸ ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ื” ืจื‘ื”, ืื ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” - ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง, ื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื™ืขื ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืžืŸ. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ืขื ื”ื—ื–ืŸ, ื™ืขื ื” ืืžืŸ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืขื ื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืงื›ื—, ืขื˜, ืฉื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืŸ, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื˜ื•, ื”ืขืจื” ื ื, ื•ื‘ืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’, ื’.
^ 3.. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจืง ืื—ืจ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืžื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœืžื ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ื‘ืชืขื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื’, ื’, ื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื” ื‘, ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื”, ืฉืขื” ื•ืจื‘ืข ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจ"ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 72 ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื™ื, 14. (ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืœื’ ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืœืคื™ ืจ"ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœ-18 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื”ื ืจืื™ืช. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื“ื™ื™ืงื• ื‘ื–ื”). ื•ืž"ืž ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืจื‘ืขื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื ืขื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืืžืจื• ื‘ืจื›ืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขื”.
^ 4.. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ืœื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื ืฉืื• ืœืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืœื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื—ื™ืขื–ืจ ื—"ื“ ื’, ื•ื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื“ืจ"ืช. ื•ื‘ืื’"ืž ืื•"ื— ื, ืœื’, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ืคืกื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื›ืŸ. ื•ืฉื ื‘, ื“, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื’ื ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ืคืจืง ื‘' ื”ืขืจื” 10, ื“ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืขื™ืก.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ืืฉืžืชื ืฉืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืืฉืžืชื ืฉืœ ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื–
  • ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš

    ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื
    58 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื˜"ื– ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉืข"ื
  • ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื“
ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืกื‘ืจื’
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฉืžื—ื” ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื›ืžืŸ
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–
    ื ื—

    ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
    47 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il