ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
  • ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”
undefined
4844
7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 46 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื 1 :
ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื›ืฉืžืœื›ื• ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื“ืชื ื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื˜ื• ื™ื“ื ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื...
ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื "ื•ืคืฉื˜ื• ื™ื“ื ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื", ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• 2 ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช (ื’, ื‘), ืฉื ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื:
ื“ืชื ื™ื: ืžืคื ื™ ืžื” ืืžืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™? ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื˜ืขื ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ [...] ื•ืžืกื›ื ื” ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ืขื ืœื›ื ื•ืก ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื•ืœื ืžื™ื—ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื; [...] ืžืื™ ืกื›ื ื”? [...] ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื”, ื“ืืžืจื™: ื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ืชื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ืœื”.
ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ "ืคืฉื˜ื• ื™ื“ื ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื", ืื ื›ืŸ, ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืชื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ื™ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™, ื™ืฉื ื• ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื—ื‘ืจ 3 ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ื ืกืชืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืœื” ื ื™ืฉืืช ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื ื‘ืจืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ, ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื•ืœื”?
ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” โ€“ ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื, ื˜ื–): "ืึถืช ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึฐึผืึนืจึนืช ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึดื™ื", ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื ืืžืจ "ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทื’ึธึผื“ึนืœ ืœึฐืžึถืžึฐืฉึถืืœึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื”ึทืžึธึผืื•ึนืจ ื”ึทืงึธึผื˜ึนืŸ ืœึฐืžึถืžึฐืฉึถืืœึถืช ื”ึทืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื”". ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ?
ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ืžื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ื‘ืจืื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืงื˜ืจื’ื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืชืžืขื˜ื”, ื•ืฉืขื™ืจ ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืžื™ืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื”, ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ืฉืžืฉื•ืช; ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื’ืจืžื” ื›ืœื•ื ื•ืœื ื”ืื™ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ื›ืฉืžืฉ. ืืœื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชืœื• ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืงื™ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืจื ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ื• ื™ืฆืจื” ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื”.
ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื—ื‘ืจ, ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื ืชืœื• ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช โ€“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’. ื‘ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืงื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืฉื‘ืฅ 4 ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืขื ื™ืช, "ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ืœื™ื‘ื•", ืฉืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื ืงืจื ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืชื•ื ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื ืฉืงื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื•ื”ืืจืฅ, "ื•ึทื™ึผึตืจึถื“ ื”' ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื›) โ€“ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืข, ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืœื” ื–ื• ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื›ื•, ื“) "ื›ึผึดื™ ื‘ึผึฐื™ึธื”ึผ ื”' ืฆื•ึผืจ ืขื•ึนืœึธืžึดื™ื", ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ื‘ื™-ื”' ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื”ืื•ืช ื™', ืฉื–ื• ื”ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื, ื•ืžื”ืื•ืช ื”' ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื™ื—ื“ ื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื ืื—ื“. ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืคื” ืงื‘ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื•. ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช, ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื.
ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”. ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืืš ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืจ ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื•, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื ื’ื“ ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื
ื–ื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉื—ื›ืžืช ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื‘ืœ. ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืชืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื ื•ืชืง. ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืขืœื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื›ืœื” ืชื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงืขืงืข ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ "ื•ืฉืžืจืชื ืืช ืžืฉืžืจืชื™ โ€“ ืขืฉื• ืžืฉืžืจืช ืœืžืฉืžืจืชื™" 5 .
ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืœืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื–ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”.
ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื–ืจื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื, ื‘) ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื–, ื’) "ืœึธืึตืœ ื’ึผึนืžึตืจ ืขึธืœึธื™" โ€“ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš โ€“ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื.
ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ื ืชืง ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฆืžื•. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืคืฉื˜ื• ื™ื“ื ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื โ€“ ืฉื‘ื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉืืช ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืชื™ื‘ืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื ื™ืกื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื›ื‘ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืชืงื ืช ื—ื–"ืœ.
ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”
ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืกืก, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”. ื”ื ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ โ€“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื–ื• ืจืฆื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™, ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ืฉืคืข, ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื”.
ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืฉืช ืชืฆื•ื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื–, ื›), ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ืชืžื™ื“, ืžื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื ื• ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:
ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืื™ืจ: ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืื”ืจืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืขืชื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื.
ืœืžื”? ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื”ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื—ื ื•ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื•ืœื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™, ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ืขื’ื•ืžื”, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืื—ืช ื•ืืชื” ืœื‘ื“ืš ืชืขืฉื” ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžืš, ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื™, ื™ื–) "ืชืื•ืช ืขื ื•ื™ื ืฉืžืขืช ื”'", ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืคืจื•ื›ืช ื•ื’ื•' ื™ืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•", ืข"ื›. ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืžื– ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™, ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืืžืจ "ื™ืขืจื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•" ื™ืจืžื•ื– ืœืฉืขื” ื•ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
ื™ืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื. ืžื”ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื ืจื•ืช ืฉืื”ืจืŸ ืžื“ืœื™ืง"? ื‘. ืžื”ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ืจื•ืช ืื”ืจืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžืื•ืจื•ืช?
ืœืื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ื‘ืจืื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ื•, ื‘ืฉืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื” ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช, ื•ืจืง ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ื” ื›ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ 'ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ' ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” (ื“, ื™ื‘) ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ืžืื•ื“". ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”" (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื, ื“) ื•ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืื‘ื•ืช (ื’, ื™ื“) "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื, ื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื• ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื [...] ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ืงืจืื• ื‘ื ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื".
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ.
"ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”". ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืคืจื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฉืœื• ืœืœื‘ื ื”, ืฉืœื™ืช ืœื” ืžื’ืจืžื” ื›ืœื•ื. ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืžื’ืจืžื™ื”", ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื•ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืจ. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื”: "ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืฉื ื‘ืจื ื‘ืฆืœื" โ€“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžื ื ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืกืจ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช.
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ: "ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื”ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ื ืก ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื-ืœ". ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ืขืฆืžื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื•ื“ืื”. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื ืืžืจืช ื‘ื›ืจื™ืขื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“, ื) ืขืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” "ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืกื•ืฃ", ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœื™ื” ืžื’ืจืžื™ื”.
ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง (ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื-ื ื˜ื–, ื›ื–) "ื”ื•ึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื“ึธืจ ืœึฐืคึธื ึธื™ื• ืขึนื– ื•ึฐื—ึถื“ึฐื•ึธื” ื‘ึผึดืžึฐืงึนืžื•ึน", ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื“ ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืคื™ ืขืฆืžื™, ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืžื” ืฉื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืจื• ื”ืขืฆืžื™, ื•ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื’ื” ื”ื™ืจื— ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉ. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจ โ€“ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ.
ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื”
ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ โ€“ ืืžื ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ "ื–ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืื ื•ื•ื”ื• โ€“ ื”ืชื ืื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช" (ืฉื‘ืช ืงืœื’, ื‘), ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืงื ื”. ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืกืชืžื™ โ€“ ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ โ€“ ื”ื—ื–ืจื”.
ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื: "ื›ืฉืžืœื›ื• ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื“ืชื ื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช". ืขืžื“ื• ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื“ืชื", ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืง ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื“ืช?
ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ "ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ื“ืชื" ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ, ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื—ืœืง ื-ืœื•ื” ืžืžืขืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืžืฉ. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืช ืฉื”ืชืืžืฆื• ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
ื•ืขืฉืื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื
ืื•ืžืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื›ื, ื‘):
ืžืื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”? ื“ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื‘ื›"ื” ื‘ื›ืกืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืžื™ ื“ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืชืžื ื™ื ืื™ื ื•ืŸ, ื“ืœื ืœืžืกืคื“ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื“ืœื ืœื”ืชืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ. ืฉื›ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืœ ื˜ืžืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื’ื‘ืจื” ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื—ืฉืžื•ื ืื™ ื•ื ืฆื—ื•ื, ื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืืœื ืคืš ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ื—ื•ืชืžื• ืฉืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืืœื ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื• ื ืก ื•ื”ื“ืœื™ืงื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืงื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืขืฉืื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ "ื•ืขืฉืื•ื ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื”", ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืœื ืฉืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื”, ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืืœื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื”". ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืืœื ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื โ€“ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื”ื ืจ ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืชืฉื‘"ืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ื—ืชื•ื ืชื•.
ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช 6 :
ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื– ืœื—ืชื•ื: 'ื›ืืžื•ืจ: ืœืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ืกื“ื•, ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ืจ ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ื›ืœื ื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœืื•ืจื•, ื‘ื"ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช'. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” โ€“ ืœืคื™ ืฉืกื“ืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
ื•ื"ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื–"ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ื“ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืจื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•' ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื ื–ื• ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื, ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืก, ื’) 'ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื’ื•ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš', ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืžื™ ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื•' ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืœื ื•.
ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ืฉืœื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ "ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ืจ" ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ, ืื•ืžืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืื•ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉ"ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืชืื™ืจ" ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืจ ื™ืฉืŸ, ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœืžื” ืฉื’ื ื•ื– ื‘ื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื›ื•ื—" ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื’ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื ื• ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืคืข, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื”ืื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ.



^ 1.ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื’, ื.
^ 2.ืžืขืฉื” ืจืงื—, ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืœื›ื• ื•ืขื•ื“.
^ 3.ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืžืกื›ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช.
^ 4.ืก' ืชืกื–.
^ 5.ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื”, ื.
^ 6.ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื˜.



undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ

ืจ"ืž ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘. ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ
  • ืคืš ื”ืฉืžืŸ
    51 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื•ื•ืŸ

    ืคืš ื”ืฉืžืŸ

    ื›"ื ื›ืกืœื• ืชืฉืก"ื“
  • ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื—
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืงืจื—

    ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืงืจื—

    ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ืœืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื—

    ื' ืชืžื•ื– ื”ืชืฉืข"ื‘
  • ืžื—ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื
    57 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ืžื—ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื

    ืงืฆื•ืช ืก' ืง"ืž ืก"ืง ื—'.

    ื”' ืื‘ ืชืฉืข"ื•
  • ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ื—ืœืง ื‘'
    32 ื“ืง'
    ื•ืืจื

    ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื›"ื• ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค"ื‘
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’
ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื’
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉ. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื™ืฆืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืจ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืœืœ ื’ืคืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื™ื™ื‘ ื’ืจื•ื ืจ
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–
    ื ื—

    ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
    47 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il