ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืคืกื—
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื—
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช

ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืฉืืœื”: 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' ('ืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ') - ืžื”ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ? ืžื” ืชื•ืงืคื•? ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืื• ืฉืžื ืžื ื”ื’? ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“? ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืชืŸ ื–ืืช ืžืžืขืฉืจ ื›ืกืคื™ื?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื”ื–ื•ื”"ืง (ื™ืชืจื• ืคื—/ื‘) ื›ืชื‘: ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืื“ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื•ืœืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื , ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื“ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžื— ืขื ื™ื™ื , ืขืœื™ื• ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึฐื–ึตืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืคึถืจึถืฉื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืคึผึถืจึถืฉื ื—ึทื’ึผึตื™ื›ึถื" (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘', ื’') ื•ื›ืŸ: "ื—ึธื“ึฐืฉืึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผืžื•ึนืขึฒื“ึตื™ื›ึถื ืฉื‚ึธื ึฐืึธื” ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึดื™ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขึธืœึทื™ ืœึธื˜ึนืจึทื—" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื', ื™"ื“). ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื–ื”ืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื”' ื™ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื‘ื•.
 ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืฉื‘ื™ืชืช ื™ื•"ื˜ ืค"ื•, ื”ื™"ื—) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ึทืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื—ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื•ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื•: "ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืœื’ืจ ืœื™ืชื•ื ื•ืœืืœืžื ื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜"ื–) ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื . ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื—ืฆืจื• ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืืฉืชื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืื›ื™ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืจื™ ื ืคืฉ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืžื—ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ืืœื ืฉืžื—ืช ื›ืจื™ืกื•, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื• ื ืืžืจ:
'ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ื”ึถื ื›ึผึฐืœึถื—ึถื ืื•ึนื ึดื™ื ืœึธื”ึถื, ื›ึผึธืœ ืึนื›ึฐืœึธื™ื• ื™ึดื˜ึผึทืžึผึธืื•ึผ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืœึทื—ึฐืžึธื ืœึฐื ึทืคึฐืฉืึธื' (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜', ื“'). ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ื–ื• - ืงืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ: 'ื•ึฐื–ึตืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืคึถืจึถืฉื ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืคึผึถืจึถืฉื ื—ึทื’ึผึตื™ื›ึถื' (ืžืœืื›ื™ ื‘', ื’')".

ืžื ื”ื’ ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืขืชื™ืง ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ืงื— ื—ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืœืงืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช (ืจืž"ื ืชื›"ื˜, ื').
ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื ("ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•") ืžืฆื ืจืžื– ืœื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื:
"ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืžึทืฆึผึนืช ื•ึผื‘ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึผืึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™ ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื”': ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ืึตืช ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื ..." (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื’, ื•' - ื–')

ื•ื–ื• ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื›ืคืœื• ื”ืื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื” ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื•ื›ื•'? ื•ื™"ืœ ืœืจืžื– ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ืจืž"ื (ืกื™' ืชื›"ื˜):", ืœืงื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืœืงื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืกื— ... ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฆื™ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” ื‘ืคืกื—, ื•ื–"ืฉ 'ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืชึผึนืื›ึทืœ ืžึทืฆึผึนืช', ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืชื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืš, ื•ืžืœื‘ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ืš ืœืขืฆืžืš ืžื•ื–ื”ืจ ืืชื” ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉ'ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ืึตืช ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผึธืžึดื™ื', ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ", ืขื›"ืœ.
ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืช 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื• ืงืžื— ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื’, ื•ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืœื™-ื‘ืชื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืชื ื• ืžืขื•ืช ืื• ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœืคืกื— ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื•ืช ืœืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฆืจื›ื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื .
 ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืชื ื• ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื›ื”. ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื (ื•ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื”'), ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืžืจื ืื• ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›ื•ืคื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกืจื‘ื ื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืจืช. "ื•ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆื” ื•ืชื—ื‘ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžื˜ ืžืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ื–ื•. ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื™ื“ื• ืงืžื•ืฆื” ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื•, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื•: ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœืš - ื”ื™ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื, ืื• ืชืŸ ืื• ืงื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ; ืคืœื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ืขื ื™ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ - ืžืชื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื• ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ืฉืœื—" ("ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”"). ื•ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' ืžืžื’ื‘ื™ืช ืขื™ืจ ื–ื•. ื•ื’ื‘ืื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื™ืฉืคื˜ื• ื‘ืžืื–ื ื™ ืฆื“ืง ื•ื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ ืœืคื™ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื•.
 ืขื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืฆื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ("ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”" ืกื™' ื–ื”) ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืฉืžื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื•ื“ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ื”ืจื’ืœื•". (ืข"ืค "ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื’ื™ื" ืค"ื‘, ื”"ื› - ื”ื›"ื’. ื•ืข"ืค "ืคืกืงื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช" ื—"ื‘ ืชื›"ื˜, ื‘').
 ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืขื“ื ื™ ืฉืœืžื”" (ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื) ื›ืชื‘: ืฉืฉืžืข ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ืจืฉ"ื– ืื•ื™ืขืจื‘ืืš ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ืฉืืข"ื’ ืฉืžืฉืžืข ืžื”ืฉื•"ืข ืฉ'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืก ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ [ืขื™' ืจืž"ื ืชื›"ื˜ ืก"ื ื•ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื•', ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืก"ืง ื‘' ืฉื ืฉืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ (ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘"ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื”"), ื•ืขื™' "ืžืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื" - ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืื•ืช ื’'] ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ (ื•ื›ืž"ืฉ ื”ื˜"ื– ื‘ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืจืž"ื˜ ืกืง"ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืžืก ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ), ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ืฉืคื™ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ. ืฉืจืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืช ืžื›ืกืคื• ืœ'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื', ื”ื•ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืก, ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื"ื› ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืชืŸ ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ.
 "ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืกื—, ื•ื’ื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ [ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื— (ืข"ืค ื”ืชื•' ืชืฉ"ื  ื’ ืขืž' 52, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ื•ื‘ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื™ื“ ืขืž' 369), ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืžืฆื•ืช ืฆื“ืงื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื•ึทื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ืคืกื—, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืจื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื•. ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ึผึตื ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ึทืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืจืขื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื” ื™ืื›ืœื•. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื—"ื• ื›ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืงืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ื”: "ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืคื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื™ื™ื›ื•ืœ", ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจืขื‘ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื™ืื›ืœ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื• ื•ืœื ื˜ืจื— ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื—ื’ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืจืขื‘ื•ื ื; ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉื˜ืจื— ื•ืกื™ืคืง ืžื–ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื•, ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืฉืžื ื ืฉืืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื• ื›ื™ ืจืขื‘ ื”ื•ื - ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™ ืขืจื•ืš ืœืคื ื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื ืืžื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืืžื™ืจื” ื–ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขืฉื” ื’ื ืขืชื” ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื— ืœื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื " ("ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”". ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘"ื—ื›ืžืช ืฉืœืžื”" ืกื™' ืชื›"ื˜).
 "ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืคืชื’ื ื”ื‘ืขืฉ"ื˜ ... ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืงื•ื ื• ืฉื–ื”ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืืชื• ... ื•ื›ืœ-ืฉื›ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืจื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืคืกื— ื’ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื–ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื . ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื-ื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื•ื›ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ 'ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืคื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ'. ื•ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื–ื”, ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคืกื—, ื›ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืจืื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืขืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉื’ื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืื’ื•ืช. ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื—ื’ื™ื’ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• - ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ - ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœ 'ื›ืœ ื“ื›ืคื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ'" (ืื’"ืง ื™ื, ืขืž' ื, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘"ื–ืื‘ ื™ื˜ืจืฃ" - ืคืกื— ืค"ื).
 "ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื–ื•ืœืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ืžืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื“ืื’ื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื•ืช [ื•ืขื™' ื‘"ืขื–ืจ ืืœ ืขืžื™" (ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื), ืขืž' 280 - 279], ื•ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• - ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื ื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืฉื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ... ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื™ื— ืฆื“ืงื ื•, ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื ื• ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื”" (ืื’"ืง ื“, ืขืž' ืจืกื”, ื•ืขื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘"ืžืขื™ืœ ืฆื“ืงื”" ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ื' ืฉื ื•, ืขืž' ืงื‘).

"ืื ืื™ืŸ ืงืžื— ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” -
 ืื ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืงืžื—" (ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื’ ืžื™"ื–, ืขื™ื™"ืฉ)

 ืฉืืœื”: ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ืžืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืขื™ืžื• "ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื”" - 'ืงึดืžื—ื ื“ืคืกื—ื' (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื), ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžืขืœืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื”. ืœืืŸ ื ื ืชื‘ ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื–ื”? ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื”?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื™ื—ื™ื”" (ืขืž' ื ื - ื ื“) ื ื›ืชื‘: ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ: ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ึทืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ - ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ - ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื›ื™ืกื™ื: ื›ื™ืก ืื—ื“ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืก ืฉื ื™ ืฉืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชืขืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ื ื–ืง ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืคืœืช ืขืจื›ื” ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืช ืžื›ืกืคื• ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฆื“ืงื”, ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™! ืฆื“ืงื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื ื•ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื” ืœื—ืžื, ืืš ื›ืฉืื“ื ืชื•ืจื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืœื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉืžืื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื™ืžื™ื ื•ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”' ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ื™ื, ื•ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”. ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•! ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื ื• ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืกื›ื ื™ื, ืืœื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืจื•ืžืžื™ื ืœื”ืฉืจืฉืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื”, ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื ื•, ื•ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื–ื”ื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืขืœืžื, ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืก ืื—ืจ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืงื™ื•ืžื ื• ื•ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ืžื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื™ืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืœื•ืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื–, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ. ืื ื”ืขืžื“ืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื—ืœืง ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืœื” ื•ื ืฉื’ื‘. ื›ืืฉืจ ืื™ืฉ ืžื“ืข ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš, ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื” ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืื•ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื” ืื ืฉื™ ืจื•ื— ื•ืชื•ืจื”, ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื—ื™ื•ืชื ื• ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื”. ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช.
ืึนืžื ื, ืžืฆื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžึดืœื’ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืื•ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืžื—ืงืจ, ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื”, ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžึดืœื’ื”, ื›ืš ื’ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชื•ืจื”. ืžื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื—ืกื™ื“ื•ืชื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืชืคืจื ืก ืžื™ื’ื™ืข ื›ืคื™ื• ื•ืœื ืžืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื”.
ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœืžื“ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืจืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘", ืืš ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืจื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžึดืœื’ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ึดื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ืขื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” (ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื“, ืž"ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื’, ื”"ื™, ืืš ืจืื” ืฉื ื’ื ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื”). ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉ ืฉืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืขื ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ื•ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ื–ื• ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื ืคืฉื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ื—ื•ืชื” ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ืข ืื—ืจ - ื”ืจื™ ื–ื• ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืจืคื”, ืœื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืจืฆื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื’ื“ืœ.
ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกื›ื•ื ื–ืขื•ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื’ื ืœื ื‘ืฆึดืžืฆื•ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื, ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืจืง ืžืชื•ืš ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“.
ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ, ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ื”ื’ื“ืœืชื” ื•ื”ืื“ืจืชื”, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืืžืช ื•ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืจื’ืฉ ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื—ืฉ ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืงืœืช ืขืจืš ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉืืจ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืชื•. ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืชืข ืžืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื’ื ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื–ืืช. ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขืžืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ืžืฆื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื”. ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืื“ื ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืฉื•ื’ื” ื•ื—ืกืจ ื“ืขืช ื™ื”ืœืœ ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื— ืื•ืชื• ["ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ื™ืฉืจื” ื•ื ื›ื•ื—ื” ื•ื ื’ื“ ื”' ื“ืจื›ื ื•. ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ื•, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ื•ืช" (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื” ื—"ื‘ ืื’ืจืช ืชืจืž"ื“, ืขืž' ืจืกื‘)]. ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ืขืฆืžื ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื ืคืฉื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื”. ืœื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืœื ืฉืžื”, ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืœื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉ, ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืื™ื ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืคึผึฐื ึดื™ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืื ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื - ื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ื™ื (ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืจืื” ื‘"ืื•ืจ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ืชื™", ืขืž' ืจืฆ"ื˜ - ืฉ"ื‘).
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืžืŸ

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืชื•ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื" ื ืฆืจืช ืขื™ืœื™ืช.
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื—
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ ืคืกื—
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืงืžืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il