ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื
  • ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื?
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
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8 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืฉืจ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื”, ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื”) ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื’, ื›ื”): "ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึทื“ึฐืชึผึถื ืึตืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื", ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื™ื’): "ืึถืช ื”' ืืœื•ืงื™ืšึธ ืชึผึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึฐืึนืชื•ึน ืชึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“". ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื’ื ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื, ื™ื’): "ืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผืœึฐืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื•ึน ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ึฐื›ึถื", ื•ื“ืจืฉื• (ืชืขื ื™ืช ื‘, ื): "ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘? ื”ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ื• ืชืคื™ืœื”". ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืื“ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืš ื”ื•ื: ืฉื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืœื”', ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ืฉืืœ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืœื• ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืงื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉื”ืืจื™ื›ื•, ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœืชืคื™ืœื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื, ื‘-ื’). ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืขื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกื— ืœืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš (ื”ืœื›ื” ื•).

ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉื), ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ื“ืจืฉื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืืœื ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฆื•ืฆืจื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™, ื˜): "ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึผึฐืึทืจึฐืฆึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืฆึผึทืจ ื”ึทืฆึผึนืจึตืจ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื, ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึตืขึนืชึถื ื‘ึผึทื—ึฒืฆึนืฆึฐืจื•ึนืช ื•ึฐื ึดื–ึฐื›ึผึทืจึฐืชึผึถื ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœื•ื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐื ื•ึนืฉืึทืขึฐืชึผึถื ืžึตืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื›ึถื".

ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืื“ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื• ืฉืจื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื”, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืจื”, ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื•ืฉื™ืขื ื• ืžืฆืจื”. ื•ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื• ื”ืขื ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืฆืจื”, ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช.

ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.

ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’, ื). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืฉืชืงื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”. ื•ื”ื ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ื ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจืฉื•ืช 1 .

ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื ื”ืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื "ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”". ื•ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื•ืงื ืื™ ืคืขื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื›ืžื•: ื—ื’ื™, ื–ื›ืจื™ื”, ืžืœืื›ื™, ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ื—ื ื ื™ื”, ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืขื–ืจื™ื”, ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื›ืœื™ื”, ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืฉืŸ ื•ื–ืจื•ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง (ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืจื”).

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืจืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ื• ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื• ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœื ื ื—ืจื‘ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื’ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืขืฉื• ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืชืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื ื™ืกื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ื ืกื“ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืœืžื”, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืขืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื ืžื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื•ืงืจื‘ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'.

ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœื”' ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ืื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ื ื•ืกื— ืžืกื•ื“ืจ. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื— ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื, ื”ื™ื• ืคื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืงืœื•ืฉื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื–ื”ื• ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืชืคื™ืœื” ื ืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืื•ื—ืงื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืœื ืกื“ืจื™ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืชื ืชืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื—ื ื”ื—ืœื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืชื—ื–ืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”'. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”.

ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืจื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื• ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ื›ื•ื— ื›ื™ืฉื•ืคื™, ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ืœืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจื ืกื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ื›ื ื’ื“ ื“ืขื” ืžืงื•ืœืงืœืช ื–ื•, ื•ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื”' ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ. ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™, ื™ื‘):
"ืžึธื” ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนืงึถื™ืšึธ ืฉืึนืึตืœ ืžึตืขึดืžึผึธืšึฐ, ื›ึผึดื™ ืึดื ืœึฐื™ึดืจึฐืึธื” ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœึนื•ืงึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ื“ึผึฐืจึธื›ึธื™ื• ื•ึผืœึฐืึทื”ึฒื‘ึธื” ืึนืชื•ึน ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช ื”' ืึฑืœื•ึนืงึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึผึฐื›ึธืœ ืœึฐื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ ื ึทืคึฐืฉืึถืšึธ".

ื•ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื”' ื•ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื•, ืœื ืจืง ืฉืงืจื‘ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืขื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”', ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ื, ื™ื-ื™ื’):
"ืœึธืžึผึธื” ืœึผึดื™ ืจึนื‘ ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ึตื™ื›ึถื ื™ึนืืžึทืจ ื”', ืฉื‚ึธื‘ึทืขึฐืชึผึดื™ ืขึนืœื•ึนืช ืึตื™ืœึดื™ื ื•ึฐื—ึตืœึถื‘ ืžึฐืจึดื™ืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื“ึทื ืคึผึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึผื›ึฐื‘ึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึทืชึผื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ืœึนื ื—ึธืคึธืฆึฐืชึผึดื™. ื›ึผึดื™ ืชึธื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืœึตืจึธืื•ึนืช ืคึผึธื ึธื™, ืžึดื™ ื‘ึดืงึผึตืฉื ื–ึนืืช ืžึดื™ึผึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ืจึฐืžึนืก ื—ึฒืฆึตืจึธื™. ืœึนื ืชื•ึนืกึดื™ืคื•ึผ ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึดื ึฐื—ึทืช ืฉืึธื•ึฐื, ืงึฐื˜ึนืจึถืช ืชึผื•ึนืขึตื‘ึธื” ื”ึดื™ื ืœึดื™..."

ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ืฉื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื•ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ: "ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘, ื‘). ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืื ื• ื‘ืื™ื ื•ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืฉื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืงื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื”' ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช - ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.

ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข
ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ื•ืกื— ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ื™ื“, ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉื ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื“ื ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•. ืื•ืœื ืžื ื’ื“, ืื ื—ื–"ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกื— ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžืขื•ืžืง ื”ืœื‘ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืคื•ืช, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉืช.

ื•ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ืœ' ืชืคื™ืœื” ื, ื“), ืฉื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื‘ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื ื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกื— ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืขืจื•ืš ื’ื ื‘ืคื™ ืขืœื’ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ.

ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ืงืฉ. ืœื•ืœื ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืกื•ื“ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืฉื, ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื™ื‘ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ืžืฉืืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืื™ืคื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืชืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจืฆื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืžืงืฆืชืŸ ื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”. ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื•ืืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ (ื ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘, ื™):
"ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ืขืชื•, ืฉืœื ืœื—ื™ื ื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืชื—ื™ื ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืงืฆืจื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืื” ื•ืขืฉืจื™ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื ื›ืžื” ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื‘ืจื•ื— ืงื•ื“ืฉื ื•ื”ืฉื’ืช ื ื‘ื•ืืชื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืคืจืงื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”, ืœื–ืืช ื™ืกื“ื• ื•ืชืงื ื• ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื, ืžืืฉืจ ืจืื• ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื™ืฉื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชื™ื‘ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืžื”ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื”".

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ (ืฉื ื‘, ื™ื’), ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื’ืœื• ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื–"ืœ, ืื™ื ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ืžืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื” ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืชืงื ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžืฉืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช.

ืชืงื ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช
ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”, ื”ื ื’ื ื™ืกื“ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”' (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื•, ื‘). ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืชื™ืงืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื—ืžื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื–ืจื•ื—. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืชื™ืงืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”. ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื•. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื”. ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ื ื’ื“ ื–ื” ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืžืฉืš ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”. ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืชื™ืงืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื ืžื—ื•ื–ืง. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฉืš, ื›ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืื™ืจื” ืืช ืคื ื™ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ืฆื—ื™.

ืื—ืจ ืฉืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกืœืœื• ื“ืจืš ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ื™ื• ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš (ืชื”ืœื™ื ื ื”, ื™ื–-ื™ื—): "ืึฒื ึดื™ ืึถืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืึถืงึฐืจึธื ื•ึทื”' ื™ื•ึนืฉืึดื™ืขึตื ึดื™. ืขึถืจึถื‘ ื•ึธื‘ึนืงึถืจ ื•ึฐืฆึธื”ึณืจึทื™ึดื ืึธืฉื‚ึดื™ื—ึธื” ื•ึฐืึถื”ึฑืžึถื” ื•ึทื™ึผึดืฉืึฐืžึทืข ืงื•ึนืœึดื™".

ื›ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช, ืชืงื ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ืจืฉื•ืช. ื•ืชืงื ื•ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื•ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืขืœืืชื ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ืืฃ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืชืงื ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื•ืกืฃ (ืขืค"ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘, ื˜).

ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื—, ื; ื™ื—, ื). ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืœืžื“ ืื™ืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช.

ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ
ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืœื‘, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขื™ืงืจื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.
"ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื— ื”ืฉื›ืœื™, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžืขืœืช ื”ื ื‘ื•ืื”. ื•ืื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื™ืฉืชื•ืง ืขื“ ืฉืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”" (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฆื—, ื).
ืฉืชื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”: ื”ืื—ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืžืœืš ืžืœื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืจืื” ื•ืื”ื‘ื”; ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ืฉืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืคื™ื”.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืงืœ ืœื”ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืขื ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื’ื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื ื•ื“ื“ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื”ื ื” ื”ืชืืžืฆื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืื‘ื•ืช", ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืคืจื—ื”, ื•ืœืคืชืข ื”ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช "ืกืœื— ืœื ื•". ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืžืฉืš ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื ื ื“ื“ื”, ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื'.

ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื“), ืฉืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืคืขื ื›ืฉื ื™ืกื” ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ืชื”, ืžื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉืจ ืคืœื•ื ื™ ืื• ืืœืžื•ื ื™. ื•ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืžืจ: ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ืชื™ ืืคืจื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžืจ: ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืžืชื ื™ื” ืืžืจ: ืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœืจืืฉื™, ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžืขืฆืžื• ืœื›ืจื•ืข ื‘'ืžื•ื“ื™ื'. ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ 'ืคื ื™-ืžืฉื”' ื‘ืืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ืจื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉื• ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืคื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื•, ืืœ ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ื—ื•, ื›ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืื ื—ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืืœ ื™ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ.

ื•ืœื ืชืืžืจ ื”ืžืชืคืœืœืช, ืื ืื™ื ื™ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืืชืคืœืœ. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืช ืขืฆื ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื”' ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืคื ื™ื•. ื•ื›ืœ ืืฉื” ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืœืคื™ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื”, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ืชืืžืฆื” ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืืœื• ืฉืงืœ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืจื’ืฉืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฆืจื”, ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื‘ืœื ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”. ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืืœื• ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™, ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ื”.

ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจ"ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืžืจื•, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืฉื” ืžืชืคืœืœืช ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืชืคื™ืœืชื” ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื” ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืชืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ื›ืฉืชื–ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืื•ืชื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื™ืขืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืืžืจื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืœื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืœื”' ื•ืœืฉื‘ื—ื• ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื”, ืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื›ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช.

ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื” ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืืžืจื” ื‘ืœื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” - ื™ืฆืื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืกื’, ื“; ืงื, ื; ื•ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื‘, ื—).

^ 1. ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื™ื–, ื‘, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืจื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืžื•ื‘ืืช ืฉื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ืžื‘ืืจืช ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ืฉื ื™ื—, ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืชื™ืงื ื•ื, ืžื” ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ? ืืœื ืฉืฉื›ื—ื•ื ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื™ืกื“ื•ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื? ื•ืชืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื—, ื‘, ืฉืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ืœื™, (ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืš ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื• ืชืจ"ื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื›ื“, ื, ื‘ื“ืคื™ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ). ื•ืœื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจ"ื— ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืฉืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ืฉื™ื” ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืš. (ื•ืข' ื‘ืก' ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—"ื ืข' ืจืœื‘).

undefined

ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืขืฆืžืื•ืช โ€“ ืžื”ืžื ื’ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

    ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉืข"ื“
  • ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ื›ืฉืจ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืข"ื–
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื™ื—ื“

    ืฉื‘ื˜ ืชืฉืค"ื’
  • ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฆื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื”

    ืชืฉืข"ื“
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื?
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื?
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื’ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il