ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื
  • ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ื”ืœื›ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจ
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช
  • ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืฉื™ื
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7 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ืืฉืจ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš
ืœืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ืœื—ืฅ ื›ืืŸ.

ื - ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืื—ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื”
ื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ, ืืฉืจื™, ืœืžื ืฆื—, 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื”-ื“ืกื“ืจื', ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื, ืืœื ืฉืžืคื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื, ืขื“ ืฉืืžื™ืจืชื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื–ื”, ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืจ ืจืฉืื™ืช ืœืื•ืžืจื. 1
ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืจ - ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืื•ืžืจื ื›ื”ืœื›ื”.

ื‘ - ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื
ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื•ืชื™ื” - ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”' ืฉื™ืกืœื— ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ.
ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ื— ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืช ืฆืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืืžืจ ื”' ืœืžืฉื” ื•ืื”ืจืŸ, ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงื•ืจื— ื•ืขื“ืชื•, "ื”ึดื‘ึผึธื“ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึดืชึผื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ื”ึทื–ึผึนืืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึผึถื” ืึนืชึธื ื›ึผึฐืจึธื’ึทืข", ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืขืฆื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึผึดืคึผึฐืœื•ึผ ืขึทืœ ืคึผึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึผึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ: ืึตืœ ืึฑืœื•ึนื”ึตื™ ื”ึธืจื•ึผื—ึนืช ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ื‘ึผึธืฉื‚ึธืจ, ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืึถื—ึธื“ ื™ึถื—ึฑื˜ึธื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ืชึผึดืงึฐืฆึนืฃ" (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื›ื-ื›ื‘). ื•ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื - ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื”.
ื›ื•ื—ื” ืจื‘ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ื•ืจืื•, ืขื“ ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ืื“ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืจื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื: ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉื™ ื•ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ืš, ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ืš ืฉื›ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœืš. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืงืŸ ืคื’ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื›, ื‘).
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื, ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืฉื‘ื” ืขืกืงื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ืฉื˜ื—ื ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•, ื”ื ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ืืš ื”ืขื–ื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื ื• ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื ื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืฆืขืจ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื, ืฉืžืจื•ื‘ ืฆืขืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื ื• (ืขื™' ื‘ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื–, ื›ื‘).
ืืข"ืค ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ืœื ืชืงื ื•ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืชืคื™ืœืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ืชืงื ื• ืœื” ื ื•ืกื— ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืคื ื™ ืžืขืœืชื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื” ืฉืชืฆื ืžื”ืœื‘ ืžืชื•ืš ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.

ื’ - ืžื ื”ื’ ืืžื™ืจืช ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื
ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื”. ื‘ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื ื•ืคืœ ืฉื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ืฉื’ื ื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ื‘ืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืžืจื›ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื• ื•ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื• ืœืืจืฅ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื“, ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื™ื’-ื™ื“).
ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช, ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืื• ืงื™ื“ื”. ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ืื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื“ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื• ืฉื™ื™ืขื ื” ื›ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ. ืืš ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื›ื, ื), ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ืžืขืœืช ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื•, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ืœื”', ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืขื•ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืžืชื›ืคืจื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื™ืกืชื›ืŸ ื‘ื ืคืฉื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ืืจืฆื” (ืขื™' ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื’).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืกืคืจื“ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ืคืฃ ื•ืœื”ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืžืืœ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืฆืคืช ืื‘ืŸ (ื‘ืื•"ื” ืงืœื, ื). ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื›'ื‘ืŸ- ืื™ืฉ-ื—ื™', ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื—.
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ืกื— ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื ืงื‘ืข, ืขื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจื•, ื ื™ื˜ืžื˜ืžื• ื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื• ืœื ื•ืกื— ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืคื–ืจื• ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ ืœืืฉื›ื ื–.
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืฉืžื—ื” (ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ). ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ื—ืชืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื–-ื—). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื” ืฉื, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืœื, ื›).

ื“ - ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ (ืœื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ)
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ื—ืœืง ืžืกืคืจื“, ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื›ื ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ื”ืฉืขื ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฆืคื”. ื•ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ ืื• ื‘ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื˜ืžื™ื ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ืœื ืฉืจื•ื•ืœ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ื”ืคื ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืœื, ื; ืž"ื‘ ืฉื). ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ื›ืื“ื ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืคื ื™ื• ืžืคื—ื“ ื•ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš. ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืžื™ ืฉืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™ื” ืงืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืžื˜ืคื—ืช, ืชืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืคื ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืจื•ืขื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ืคื”. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ, ืชืฉืขื™ืŸ ืืช ืจืืฉื” ื•ื–ืจื•ืขื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ื” (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื“).
ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืื• ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื ื ืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข. ื•ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืืคื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืกืคืจื™ื (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื“).
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืกื, ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื•ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืชืืžืจ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืช ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืž"ื‘ ืงืœื, ื™). ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืงื™ืจ, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉืชืกืžื•ืš ืืช ื–ืจื•ืขื” ื•ืจืืฉื” ืœืงื™ืจ, ื›ื“ืจืš ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืœื ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื•ืคืœืช, ื•ื›ืš ืชื—ืฉื‘ ืงืฆืช ื›ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื ื•ืคืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื (ื›ื”"ื— ืœื—).

ื” - ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื
ืืฉื” ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืฉื”ื ื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื”ื ืžืชืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฉื•"ืข ืงืœื, ื, ืž"ื‘ ื).
ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืกืคืจื“, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืคืจื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื ื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื (ื›ื”"ื— ืงืœื, ื”). ื•ืœืžื ื”ื’ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืชื™ืžืŸ (ื‘ืœื“ื™), ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™ ื•ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™.
ืขืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืืžืจื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืžื—ื™ืœืช ืขื•ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื, ื”ื ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืืœ ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื›ืคืจื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื.
ืืžื™ืจืช ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื•ืžืจืŸ (ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื, ื”). ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืืฉื” ืฉืžืชืคืœืœืช ื‘ืœื™ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืชื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื™"ื’ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื.
ื‘ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื›"ื” ืžืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื ื•ืกื—ื™ ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืกืคืจื“-ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ื•'.
ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืžื™ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื”ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช. ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืงืœื“, ื). ื•ื ื•ืกื— 'ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื—ื•ื' ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื–ืงื ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืœื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื, ืจืื‘"ืŸ, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’, ื›ืœ ื‘ื• ื™"ื—), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•.
ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืฉื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื“-ื—ืกื™ื“ื™, ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืื—ืจ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืืฉื›ื ื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื ืคื™ืœืช ืืคื™ื™ื.

ื• - ืืฉืจื™ ืœืžื ืฆื— ื•ื‘ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ
ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - 'ืืฉืจื™', ื•ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื•ื”ื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื“ื–ืžืจื”, ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื• (ืขื™' ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื-ื‘, ื™ื“, 5, ืฉื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 'ืืฉืจื™').
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ืžื•ืจ "ืœืžื ืฆื— ืžื–ืžื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื“, ื™ืขื ืš ื”' ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื”", ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” (ื›ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืก ื‘ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื, ื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”).
ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ื•ื‘ื ื•ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ', ืฉื”ื•ื 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื”-ื“ืกื“ืจื', ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืกื•ืงื™: "ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืงื“ื•ืฉ" ื•ื›ื•', "ื‘ืจื•ืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”' ืžืžืงื•ืžื•", "ื”' ื™ืžืœื•ืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“". ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขื ืชืจื’ื•ืžื ืœืืจืžื™ืช. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื•ืžืจื (ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื•ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืฅ), ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืชืคืœืœ ื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื ื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœืืจืžื™ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืžื™ืช, ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ. ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข, ื•ื›ืืŸ ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ. ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื— ืืžื™ืจืช 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื”-ื“ืกื“ืจื', ื•ืืžืจื• ืฉืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ (ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžื˜, ื). ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื™ืจืชื” ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช: ื”ืื—ืช, ืžืขืœืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”; ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉืื•ืชื ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื ืืžืจื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืฉ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”' ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืงื“ื•ืฉื”-ื“ืกื“ืจื', ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืืžื™ืจืชื”, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืขื•ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื (ืขื™' ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื‘).

ื– - ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื, ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื•ืขืœื™ื ื•
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ื ื™ืชืงื ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืชืžื™ื“, ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื', ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” (ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื—, ื). ืื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ืชืงื ื• ื–ืืช ื›ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื•ืžืจื•. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื”ื›ืœ ืœืื•ืžืจื•.
ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: "ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช", ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ (ืขืค"ื™ ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›, ื—, ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืงืœื‘, ื›ื•).
ืื—ืจ 'ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื' ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช', ื•ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•'. ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืืžื™ืจืช 'ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช': ื”ืื—ื“, ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืงื˜ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื•ืขืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืื—"ื› ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื’ื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื (ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื”, 5).
ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช 'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—', ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”' ื•ืืช ืชืงื•ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”; ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื—"ื›, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžืกื—ืจื• ื•ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื•, ืœื ื™ื’ืจืจ ืื—ืจ ืืœื™ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืืžื•ื ืชื (ื‘"ื— ืื•"ื— ืงืœื’). ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™, ื ื”ื’ื• ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืขืœื™ื ื•' ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื•ืžืจื” ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืจื•ืข ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืจืขื™ื" ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชื—ื•ื•ื™ื" ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™ (ืž"ื‘ ืงืœื‘, ื˜).
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื• ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžื–ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืœืคื ื™ 'ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื', ื•ื’ื ื ื•ืกื— 'ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช' ืืจื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืœืคื™ ื ื•ืกื— ืืฉื›ื ื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—' ืœืคื ื™ 'ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื', ื•ืœื ื•ืกื— ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• (ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ื’, ื“-ื”).



^ 1.. ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื–', ื•ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘, ื™ื‘-ื™ื’. ื•ืืžื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื™ืืžืจื• 'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—', ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ื˜ื•ื ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช. ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืืœื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืžืจ 'ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื‘ื—'. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›'. ื•ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืข, ื.
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื–ื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื•ืœื“ืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืค"ื‘
  • ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืœ

    ื ื™ืกืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ืฉืžื•ืช ืขื ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื

    ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืข"ื‘
  • ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื
    58 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” - ืœื ืคื” ื•ืœื ืฉื

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืคืจืง ื‘'

    ื˜"ื– ืื“ืจ ื‘' ืชืฉืข"ื
ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืฉืืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกื‘ืชื•
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืงื‘ื™ืฅ'
  • ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื
    ืขื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช

    ืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืœืš ืœืš - ื•ื™ืจื

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?
    5 ื“ืง'
    ืœืš ืœืš

    ืœืš ืœืš - ืžื”ื• ืกื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื?

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื’ื•ืœื“ื•ื™ื›ื˜ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
    48 ื“ืง'
    ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืฉืื™ืœืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

    ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืืฆืœื ืงื™ืฅ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ื’ืฉื, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื
    31 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ"ื

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื—' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ืœ'

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜
    27 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื˜

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื•' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il