ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช

ื”ืงื“ืฉืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชืจ

ื”ืงื“ืฉ

ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
 ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ
  • ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
  • ืกืคืจื™ื”
  • ื–ืžื ื™ื
  • ืคื•ืจื™ื

ืฉืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื’ืจื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื”ื

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27 ื“ืง' ืงืจื™ืื” โ€ข 42 ื“ืง' ืฆืคื™ื”
ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืงื“ืฉืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื”

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืฉืžืช

ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืจืฆื™ื”

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื“ืจืšืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืจื˜ื™ืืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขืกื“ืจื•ืชืกืคืจื™ื”ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš

ืคื•ืจื™ื



ื - ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ืกื“
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื: "ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนื—ึท ืžึธื ื•ึนืช ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทืชึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืœึธืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ื" (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื›ื‘).
ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืš ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืœื” ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืื“ื, ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขืช ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš.
ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื–ื• ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื ื‘ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื•, ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉื˜ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืง ืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•.
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืฃ ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืชืขืœื ืžืฆืขืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื ืื ื™ื“ืžื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื”ื•ืœืœ, ืฉืžืชืขืœื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืจื— ืžื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืจ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืจืง ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืžื— ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืชื™ืขืœื ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืคื ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื“ื•ืื’ ืœืฉืžื— ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกื›ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš ืœื—ื™ื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง. ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœืชืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื.

ื‘ - ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืื—ื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืจืฉืขื™ื, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืžืชื•ืš ืžื’ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืกื’ื•ืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื. ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื•ื”ืคืš ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื•ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื.
ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืงื˜ืจื’, ื•ื›ืš ืจืžื•ื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืžืœืš ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ: "ื™ึถืฉืึฐื ื•ึน ืขึทื ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึฐืคึปื–ึผึธืจ ื•ึผืžึฐืคึนืจึธื“ ื‘ึผึตื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืžึผึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐื›ึนืœ ืžึฐื“ึดื™ื ื•ึนืช ืžึทืœึฐื›ื•ึผืชึถืšึธ... ืึดื ืขึทืœ ื”ึทืžึผึถืœึถืšึฐ ื˜ื•ึนื‘ ื™ึดื›ึผึธืชึตื‘ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึผึฐื“ึธื..." (ืืกืชืจ ื’, ื—-ื˜). ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืช ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื” ืืกืชืจ ืœืžืจื“ื›ื™: "ืœึตืšึฐ ื›ึผึฐื ื•ึนืก ืึถืช ื›ึผึธืœ ื”ึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื”ึทื ึผึดืžึฐืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึผึฐืฉืื•ึผืฉืึธืŸ ื•ึฐืฆื•ึผืžื•ึผ ืขึธืœึทื™ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทืœ ืชึผึดืฉืึฐืชึผื•ึผ ืฉืึฐืœึนืฉืึถืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื” ื•ึธื™ื•ึนื" (ืืกืชืจ ื“, ื˜ื–). ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื”.
ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜, ื‘): "ื•ึทื™ึผึดื—ึทืŸ ืฉืึธื ื™ึดืฉื‚ึฐืจึธืึตืœ ื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ", ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื—ื–"ืœ: "ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ืื—ื“" (ืจืฉ"ื™). "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืื”ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืฉื), ื•ืื– ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: "ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื™" (ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื˜, ื˜). ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื—ืกืจื” ืžืžื ื• ืื•ืช ืื—ืช ื›ื•ืœื• ืคืกื•ืœ, ื›ืš ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ืกืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืื™ื—ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื’ืืœื ื• ื•ืืฃ ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืฉื‘ืช ืคื—, ื), ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื—ืฉื•ื•ืจื•ืฉ. ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.

ื’ - ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช, ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ื”ืžืชื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืื›ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืื• ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืื›ืœื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืชื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืจืฆื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื“, ื, ืจืž"ื ื‘, ืž"ื‘ ื‘).
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืชื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื›ืืจื•ื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืจื™ืš. ื•ืื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืงืœ ืœื›ืœ ืžืชื ื” - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืœื—ื ื‘ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื (ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืจื•ืกื•ืช), ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื›ืœ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื— (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื—).
ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœืฆื“ืงื”. ืื‘ืœ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืงืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืžืชื ื”, ื•ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืžืขืฉืจ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื.
ืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืžืงื•ื. ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื—ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ื™, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืœื—ื ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืขื ื™.
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ ืขื ื™, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ. ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœื–ื•ื’ ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืœืืœืžื ื” ื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื” - ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื ืชื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื•, ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. 1
ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืฉื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช, ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืžืชื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ืื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื’ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. 2

ื“ - ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืจืขื”ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื”' ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืชื•, ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืžืื•ืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• (ื•ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘).
ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืื›ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืžืชื—ื–ืงืช. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ื ืื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืื“ื ืฉื•ืœื— ืœืจืขื”ื• ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•. ื•ืชืงื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ืจืขื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื™ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืจืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœืจืขื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. 3

ื” - ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื ื•ืช ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื–ื•, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื—ื ื•ื‘ืฉืจ, ืื• ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืื•ืจื–, ืื• ื“ื’ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืื• ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืชืคื•ื—ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฆืœื•ื™ื”, ืื• ืฉืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื˜ืขืžืŸ ื•ืฆื•ืจืชืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ื”, ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขืžื ื•ืžืจืื.
ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ื’ื“ ืื• ืกืคืจ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื˜ืื™ื ืื”ื‘ื”, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืื›ืœ. ืืžื ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืื“ื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืื ื™ืจืฆื”, ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื”.
ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืขื•ืฃ ื—ื™ ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื—ื˜ื• ื•ืœื—ื•ืชื›ื• ื•ืœืžื•ืœื—ื• ื•ืœื‘ืฉืœื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื’ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื•ืฉืœ - ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืื›ื™ืœื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืงื•ืคืกืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื•ืชื—ื” ื•ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื”.
ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ืจื” ืื• ืžื™ืฅ ื˜ืขื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื ื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงื” ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžื ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืฉืœื— ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื›ืœื™ื.
ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืื•ืจื— ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ื‘ื•ื“ (ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜ื•). ืื‘ืœ ืฉื–ื™ืฃ ืื—ื“, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื• ืื•ืจื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืžื ื” ืื—ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืจืฃ ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžื ื”.
ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคื— ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ, ืฉืื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืจื›ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ. 4

ื• - ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื’ืจืžืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืก, ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ืฉืืฉื” ืชืฉืœื— ืœืืฉื”, ื•ืื™ืฉ ื™ืฉืœื— ืœืื™ืฉ. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืชื™ื ืช ืฆื“ืงื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื“ืขืช (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื“, ื•ืฉื ืžื•ื‘ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช).
ื’ื ืืฉื” ื ืฉื•ืื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื ืžืฆื ืื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ืžื ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช. ื•ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืœืžืงื‘ืœ, ื ืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžืฉืœื•ื— ื–ื” ืžื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืžื”ืืฉื”, ืืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืืฉื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืคื’ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช, ืฉื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืงื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื.
ืœืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ื ืฉื•ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืชื ื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืื™ืฉ, ื•ืฉืชื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ืืฉื”. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ืืฉื” ืชืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช, ืืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื” ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื” ืœืขื ื™ ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ืžืชื ื” ืื—ืช ืžืžื ื” ืœืขื ื™ ืื—ืจ. ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื, ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืื™ ืฆื“ืงื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืชื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื—ืœืงื ื‘ืฉืžื ืœืฉื ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื.
ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ืืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื, ื•ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
ื’ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืืฃ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืžื ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื ื•ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช. 5
ืขื ื™ ื”ืžืชืคืจื ืก ืžื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื™ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื–ื” ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื–ื” ืืช ืกืขื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื–ื” ื™ืฉืœื— ืœื–ื” ืืช ืกืขื•ื“ืชื•, ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•. ื•ื›ืš ื™ืขืฉื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื”, ื“; ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืฆื“, ื-ื‘).

ื– - ื–ืžืŸ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื
ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื•ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื›ื‘): "ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉืึฐืœื•ึนื—ึท ืžึธื ื•ึนืช ืึดื™ืฉื ืœึฐืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึผืžึทืชึผึธื ื•ึนืช ืœึธืึถื‘ึฐื™ื•ึนื ึดื™ื". ื•ืื ื ืชื ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•.
ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฆื ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืคืจื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืชื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืฉืžืจื ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ืžืฆื ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืคืจืฉืชื• ื”ื•ื ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ืื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ืœืง ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื•, ื™ื—ืœืง ืœื”ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื“, ื“).
ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื– ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืชืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื• ืื—ืจ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. 6
ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืกืฃ ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืื™ ืฆื“ืงื”, ืื•ืœื ื™ืกื›ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ืœืฉื ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆื ืœื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืœืžื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื™ื— ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ. 7

ื— - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืœืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื
ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืชื•. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื›ืฆื“ืงื”, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื.
ื”ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื• ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ื™ื ื™ื— ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช (ื›ื”"ื— ืชืจืฆื”, ืžื‘).
ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœืขื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืขื ื™ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื”ื•ื“ืจืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืช ืœืขื ื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื• ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื ืฉื, ื•ื”ืขื ื™ ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื™ื™ืฉ, ื•ืืฃ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืขื•ื ื™ื•. 8
ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘, ื™ื–): "ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืื“ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ื— ืœืจืขื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืคื•ืืจื” ืืœื ืœืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืœืžื ื•ืช ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฉืžื— ืœื‘ ื”ืื•ืžืœืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื–, ื˜ื•): ืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ื•ึนืช ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืฉืึฐืคึธืœึดื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทื—ึฒื™ื•ึนืช ืœึตื‘ ื ึดื“ึฐื›ึผึธืึดื™ื".
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืฉืื™ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ืชื• ืื• ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ืืœื ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืžื™ ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืขืฉืจ-ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืœืœื•ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื’ื ืืช ืžืขืฉืจ-ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืขืฉืจ-ื›ืกืคื™ื ื™ืฆื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื™ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืคื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืคื•ืืจืช.

ื˜ - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ืœื™ืœื• ื•ื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืฉื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื˜ื ืฉืžื—ื” - ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืžื—ืช, ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” - ืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”" (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื›ื‘; ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘).
ืืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ื•ืžืฉืงื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื–ืจืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช, ื–ื›ืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืื›ืœื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืืกืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื›ืœื• ื–ืจืขื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœื˜ืžื ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื.
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืื“ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืžื—ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื™ืžืช ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื. 9
ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืžืฉืชื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ: " ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”". ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืงืฆืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™"ื“, ื•ืžื™ ืฉื’ืจ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืงืฆืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜"ื• (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘).
ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”: ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืฉื›ืš ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืžืฉืžื—ืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ืขื•ืฃ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื• ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ืื ื’ื ืขื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืžื— ื‘ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื‘ืœื ืœื—ื ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. 10
ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื, ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”. ื•ื›ืฉืื“ื ืกื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื›ืจืื•ื™ (ืฉืœ"ื”, ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜).

ื™ - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”
ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืคืกื— ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช) ื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื–, ื™ื“): "ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึธืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึธ ื‘ึผึฐื—ึทื’ึผึถืšึธ", ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” (ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืงื›ื˜, ื-ื’). ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช (ืืกืชืจ ื˜, ื›ื‘): "ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”". ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘): "ืžื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™" (ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™).
ืืœื ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื“ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื“ืจืŸ ื›ืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื, ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™" (ืจื™"ืฃ, ืจื"ืฉ). ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื•ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืฆืœื• 'ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ' ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™', ื•ืืฃ ืฉื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉื•ื ืžืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืื–ื›ืจืชื• ื›ืคื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืจืฉืขื™ื, ืืœื ื™ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื›ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ืช ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื• ื™ืจืื” ืจืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืŸ, ืฉื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื’ื–ืจืชื• ื—ื–ืจื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื’ื–ืจื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื ื“ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ืฉื•ื•ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื” ืื“ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ืžืชื‘ื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื—ืชื•. ืืžื ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื›ื•ืขืจ ืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื• (ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืื”), ืืœื ื™ืฉืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืจื“ื, ื•ื›ืฉื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ 'ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ' ืœ'ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™'.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืชื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“. ื•ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข' (ืจื‘ื™ ืืคืจื™ื). ืื• ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข', ืืœื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™" ื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื (ืชื•ืก' ื•ืจ"ืŸ).
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื, ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชื” ื•ื”ืฉืžื—ื”. 11

ื™ื - ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”
ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžื—, ืืœื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืื™ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืคื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชื‘ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”. 12
ื™ื•ืฆื ืื“ื ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืงื” ืžืฉื›ืจ, ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืก ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืฉืžื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ื—. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืงืฆืช ืฉืžื— ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืก. 13
ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืขืจ, ืื• ืฉื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื• ื”ืจืืฉ, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ื•ืื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืขืฆื•ื‘, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”. ื•ืจืง ืื ื’ื ื‘ื›ื™ื™ืชื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข'.
ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื™ืชืคืจืข ื•ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื• ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืงื™ืื• ื•ื™ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื - ืœื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ, ื•ื™ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื•. ื•ืืœ ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื”, ื): "ื ื›ื ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืกื•ื“", ื•ืื ื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื• ืฉื ื•ื˜ื” ืœืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ื”ืžื•ืช, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ (ืื‘ื•ืช ื”, ื›ื’): "ืœืคื•ื ืฆืขืจื ืื’ืจื", ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืจืกืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ. 14
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื•. ื•ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื›ื•ืก ื™ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžืฉืงื” ื—ืจื™ืฃ, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ืš ื—ืžืฉ ื“ืงื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืก, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืื– ืื™ื ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื•ืก, ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช. ื•ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข, ื•ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืžืชื‘ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžืงื™ืื™ื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืฆืฃ. ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”, ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”.

ื™ื‘ - ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ื”ืœื ื‘ืชื "ืš ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ (ื‘ืžื“"ืจ ื™, ื•ื™ืง"ืจ ื™ื‘, ื), ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœ, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืืœื ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืฉืชื™ ื ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžืžืœื›ื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื” ืืกืชืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ืžืคืœืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืืžื ื ื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื ื”, ืื•ืœื ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ื’ื ืžื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื” ืžืชื’ืœื™ืช ืฉืžื—ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืฉืžื—ื” ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจืช, ืžืœืืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืืœื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžืืคื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขืช ื”', ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ื ืก ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชื”, ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื”ื ืฆื—ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”' ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื›ืจืข ืžืชื”ืคืš ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื”ืกื•ื“, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืžืชื”ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื ืจืื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”', ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžืชื”ืคื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื“ืขืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื— ืืœื ืฉืฉืžื—ืชื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืจืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื”, ืฉืื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”' ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืœื ื•, ืื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื ื• ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื”ื’ืชื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื”ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ืจื’ืช 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข', ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื™ืจื•ืช ื ืคืฉ. ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื•ืชื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื ื”. 15

ื™ื’ - ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”
ืžื ื”ื’ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื”. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื• ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ืขืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉืื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœื• ืžื ื—ื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืื—"ื› ืžื ื—ื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืื—ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื’ื ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ืฉืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื•ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืื•ืžืจื™ื 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™"ื“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ืฉืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืงืคื™ื. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื’ื ืื—ืจ ืฆืืช ื”ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื, ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ื–ื“ืจื– ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืคื›ื— ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ืžื ื—ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื. 16
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืืกืชืจ ื—, ื˜ื–): "ืœึทื™ึผึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืื•ึนืจึธื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”", ื“ืจืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื: ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื—ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘).
ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืื—"ื› ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžื ื—ื” ืื• ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ (ื—"ื, ื‘ืื•"ื”). ืื•ืœื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื—ืจืช (ืื•ืจื— ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ื–).

ื™ื“ - ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื™ ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช
ืฉืชื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืข ืžื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื•ืœืžืงื“ ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš. ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืฉืฉืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš.
ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ืจืš ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื–ืžื ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืจืš. ืœื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืจ'.
ืื‘ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” - ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืชื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื›ื—ื• ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ืื– ื™ืชืคืœืœื• ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช. ืืžื ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื›ืฉืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืคืกื•ืœื”.
ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื”ื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ - ื”ืฉืชื•ื™ ื™ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืขื™ื™ืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืžื™ื“ ื™ื™ืจื“ื ื•ื™ืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” - ื”ืฉืชื•ื™ ื™ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืงืจื ืืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ื‘ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข ืžื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืชืคืœืœ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืคื›ื—. ื•ืื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืืžืฅ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืจ ืชืชืงืคื ื• ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”.
ืื“ื ืฉืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื•ื™ ืื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ, ืจืฉืื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืœื”ืงืœ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื”ืžืœืš ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื— ื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื. 17

ื˜ื• - ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช
ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ืขื“ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื”. ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื‘ืช, ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžื ื”ื’, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’: ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื“ืœืงืช ื ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืคื•ืจืกื™ื ืžืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื—ื, ื•ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžื“ืœื’ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื›ืช 'ื‘ื•ืจื ืคืจื™ ื”ื’ืคืŸ'. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืคืช, ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ื–ื™ืช, ืœืฉื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ 'ืจืฆื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ืฆื ื•', ื•'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš 'ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ' ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. 18

ื˜ื– - ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉ
ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืกื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืžืงื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ืืžืจื• ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’. ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืขืฉืขืช. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื’ืจืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื•ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืคื™ืจื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืชืจื‘ื” ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช ืื ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืžื– ื‘ืชื—ืคื•ืฉืช, ืฉื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื.
ื›ืชื‘ ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืžื™ื ืฅ (ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื˜ื–), ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉื›ื ื–, ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชื—ืคืฉื™ื, ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ืœื ื™ืœื‘ืฉ' ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจืช ื ื™ืื•ืฃ ื•ืคืจื™ืฆื•ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉืžื—ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื (ืชืจืฆื•, ื—), ืฉื›ืš ื”ืžื ื”ื’.
ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืืกื•ืจ ืœืื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ืœืืฉื”, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœืืฉื” ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ืœืื™ืฉ (ื‘"ื— ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืคื‘, ื˜"ื– ื“). ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืจืง ื‘ื’ื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ืžืฉืืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื™ื ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• (ืคืž"ื’). 19



^ 1.. ื‘ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื›ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื–ืจืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื, ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืชื ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื ืคื— ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื–ืขืจื™. ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืืจื•ื—ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื›ืžื• ืœื—ืžื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ืŸ, ืื• ื›ืจื™ืš ืื• ืžื ื” ืคืœืืคืœ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืž"ืž ื‘ืœื—ื ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื. ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืฆื“, ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ืื—ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžืชื ื”. ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืื’ื•ืจื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื” ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื™ืกื›ื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื˜ื” (ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืงืคืง ื”ืกืž"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืคื—, ื‘, ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืฉื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉ"ืš ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื“, ื˜ื–, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื ื˜ืข ืจื‘ืขื™). ื•ื"ื› ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืงืœ.
^ 2.. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืื™ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืขื’ืœื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื. ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื’ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืคืข, ื•ืื ื ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจ ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืืจ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื (ื‘"ืž ืขื—, ื‘; ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื“, ื‘).
^ 3.. ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื—ื•ื•ื”, ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ืœ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื˜, ื›ื‘, ื•ืžื”ืจ"ืฉ ืืœืงื‘ืฅ ื‘ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื™. ื•ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ื”ื“ืฉืŸ ืงื™ื, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื™ ืฉื—ืกืจ ืœื•.
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“, ืฉืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืš. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื“, ืฉืื ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ื™ืจื•, ื•ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœื, ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืื”ื‘ืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื”ืคืจ"ื— ื•ื”ื—ืช"ืก ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ.
^ 4.. ืœืž"ื ื‘ืฉื ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืžื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืื›ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™, ื•ืœืคืจ"ื— ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื—ื™ (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืฆื”, ื™ื˜). ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื, ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืชืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืืžื ื ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘, ืงืกื’, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื•ื›ืจื ืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืžื™ื”ื ืžืื›ืœื™ื. ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื”"ืค ืื™ื ื” ื›ืŸ. โ†
ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืื›ืœื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”, ื ื”ื’ื• ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืชื™ืงื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื›ื ื”"ื’, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ื•ืจ' ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืœืื’'ื™. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืžืจื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื•ืžืจืŸ.
ืžืฉืงื”, ืœืจื•ื”"ืค ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžื ื”, ื•ื›"ื› ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื: ืชื”"ื“ ืงื™ื, ื˜"ื– ืชืจืฆื”, ื“, ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืคืจ"ื—, ืž"ื‘ ื™ื˜. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ื™ื“, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืงื™ื. ืืžื ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื ื• ื—ื ื ืืœ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืงื”.
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื"ื— ืชืฆื•ื•ื” ื˜ื–, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื”"ืค ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื–ืืช, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืจืง ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช. ืืžื ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืžืื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ืกื”, ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ื ืคื—, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœ ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืœืงื. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื”, ื™ื“, ื•ื"ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจื ืง ืกื•"ืก ืœื—. ืืžื ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื‘ืฉืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืฉืชื™ ืžื ื•ืช.
ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜ื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื–ื™ืช ืื• ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”. ื•ืœื›ืš ื ื•ื˜ื” ื‘ื"ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ. ื•ืืžื ื ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉื™"ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’' ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื (ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื“, ืกื”). ื•ืœืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื•ื—"ื ืงื ื”, ืœื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืžื ื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ.
^ 5.. ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืฉื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื“. ืืžื ื ื‘ืคืจ"ื— ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืฉื” ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช "ืื™ืฉ ืœืจืขื”ื•", ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื”ื’ืจ"ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ืืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช, ืฉืืฃ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื ืก, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉืข"ืช ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜, ื‘ืฉื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ื, ืžื”, ื•ืฉืืœืช ื™ืขื‘ืฅ ื, ืงื—. ื•ื”ืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื™ื‘, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉืœื ืจืื” ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื ื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืฉืชื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. ื•ื›"ื› ื"ืจ, ืž"ื‘ ื›ื”, ื—"ื ืงื ื”, ืœื’, ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื”, ื™ื—.
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ื"ื ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืจืง ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื. ืื•ืœื ื“ืขืช ืคืž"ื’ ื•ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืงื‘, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื ื›ื ื’ื ืœืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื.
ืื‘ึตืœ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช (ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื•, ื•). ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ึตืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืื‘ืœื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื‘ึตืœ, ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื• ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืื‘ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื•, ื•, ืž"ื‘ ื›-ื›ื). ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืื‘ึตืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ื•.
^ 6.. ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ 'ื™ืžื™', ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืคืกื•ืง, ื›ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื›"ื› ืจื"ืฉ, ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื“, ื’ืจ"ื, ื•ืž"ื‘ ืชืจืฆื”, ื›ื‘. ื•ืง"ื• ืฉืื ื ืชืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื•.
^ 7.. ื›ืชื‘ ืž"ื ืชืจืฆื“, ื, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืžืื•ืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืžื ื™ืื›ืœื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืœืคื™"ื– ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื ื™ืื›ืœื•ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื›ืš ื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืคืž"ื’ ืฉื. ืื•ืœื ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžืฉืžืข, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืฆื“, ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืœื™ื“ ืื”ืจืŸ ื™ืฆื, ื•ืœืชื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื” ืงืคื—, ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื”ื‘ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื” ื˜ื–, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืืฆืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœืžื”ืจ"ื™ ืืœื’ืื–ื™ ื™ืฆื, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืกื˜, ืœื ื™ืฆื, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืžืชืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืชื ื•ื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื™ืฆื.
^ 8.. ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืกื•ืคืจ ืื•"ื— ืงืžื, ื“, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืจืž"ื, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืœื— ืžื ื•ืช ืœืจืขื”ื• ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ื-ืฉื ืœื ื™ืฆื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื•, ื’ (ื•ืขื™' ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจื ืง ืขืž' ืงื ื ื‘ื”ืขืจื”). ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืฉื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืืช ืฉื ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื”ืขื ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืžื™ ืฉืœื— ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืช, ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ ืœื ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจ. ืืžื ื ืื ืื™ืจืข ื›ืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื™ืฆื ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•, ืืœื ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ ืœื ื™ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ. ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืื•ืชื• ืื“ื ื’ื ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืชื ื•ืช ืœืื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืกืคืง ืื ื™ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืฆื”, ื“, 'ืื•', ื‘ืฉื ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื‘ืŸ).
^ 9.. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘, ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ "ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”". ื•ืืžื ื ืœืžื“ื• ืžื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืกืคื“ ื•ืชืขื ื™ืช (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื”, ื‘), ืž"ืž ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื›ืš ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืœืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืกื™' ืจื. (ื•ื™"ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื ื—, ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”). ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืชืจืฆื•, ื–, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื‘"ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื‘, ื™ื“), ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื), ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืชื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื™ืžื™". ื•ื‘ืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื›ืœื‘ื•, ืฉื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื• ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืชื, ื“ืขืช ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘"ื—. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืก' (ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื“, ื), ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืกืขื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ื›"ื› ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื, ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืŸ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื’, ื•ื›ื”"ื— ื“. ื•ืž"ืž ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžื—ื™ื, ื•ื›ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืื•ึนืชึธื ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ืžึดืฉืึฐืชึผึถื” ื•ึฐืฉื‚ึดืžึฐื—ึธื”".
^ 10.. ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืจืž"ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ื•"ื˜. ืกืชื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื˜, ื, ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื•"ื˜. ื•ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืœืžื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื’ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžื—, ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืขื”"ืจ ืชืงื›ื˜, ื–, ื•ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืงื›ื˜, ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื•, ืœื’. ื•ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ืืจ ืžื‘ื™ืฆื” ื™, ื‘, ื•ืชื•ืก' ืฉื.
ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืœืžืื™ืจื™, ืจืื‘ื™"ื”, ืจืฉ"ืœ ื•ืžื•ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืช. ื•ืœืชื”"ื“ ื•ืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคืช ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ืืœื ืžืฆื“ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•"ื˜, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• 'ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ'. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื›ื— 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื˜ื•, 19). ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื™ื‘, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืกืคืง ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ. ื•ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ ืชืจืฆื”, ื–, ื•ื™ื‘, ืคืกืง ืžื—ื“ ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืฉื”ืฉื•ื›ื— 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื• ื‘ื‘ืจื”ืž"ื– ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžื”ื–ื›ืจืชื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”.
^ 11.. ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื”: ื) ืฉืชื•ื™, ื‘) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ, ื’) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ื˜. ื) ืฉืชื•ื™ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืกื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“. ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืคื™ื’ ื™ื™ื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชืคื™ืœื”. ื‘) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืฉื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” - ืœื ื™ืฆื ื•ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ืชื•ืขื‘ื”. ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืจืš - ื™ื‘ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืชื•. ื’) ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฉืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื™ืชื•, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื•ื˜ื” ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื™ื.
ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”. ื‘ืกื•ืžื™ ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ, ื•ื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื–, ื‘. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ (ื‘'), ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืœื•ื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ืœื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™". ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช: ื) ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ื–ื”. ื‘) 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข', ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื–ื•ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื›ืืžืจื (ื™ื•ืžื ืขื”, ื): "ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ืขื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืกื• - ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ", ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ื— ืืช ืฆืจื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข ืžื˜"ื– ื•ื”ื’ืจ"ื. ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื”ื—ื›ื ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืื‘ื™"ื” (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ืชืงืกื“), ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข' ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื˜ืขืžื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•. ื•ืžื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืฉื—ื˜ื™ื” ืœืจ' ื–ื™ืจื, ืž"ืž ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื‘ื•ื, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข' ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• (ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื•ืคืจ"ื—).
ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื‘, ื˜ื•) ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ืฉื•ืชื” ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจ ื•ื™ืจื“ื ื‘ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช". ื•ื–ื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœ'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข', ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื ื•ืช, ืฉืื– ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืืœื ืฉืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื. ื•ื›"ื› ืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื ื, ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืชืจืฆื”, ื).
ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื›ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื ื” ื•ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›"ื› ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืื™ืจื™: "ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืžื—ื”, ืฉืœื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขื ื•ื’ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ืžืชื•ื›ื” ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืฉ"ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืœื ื•". ื•ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื, ืฉืžื–ื” ืฉื”ื’ืžืจื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืฉื—ื˜ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืจื, ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข'. ืื•ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื’ื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื•, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืชื•ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ืงื•ื”ื• ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืกืขื•ื“ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ. ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื•"ื˜, ืฉืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืชื”. ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ื•"ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ื—, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช (ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ืฆื˜, ื’), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืœืฉื›ืจื•ืช.
ื•ืชื•ืก' ื•ืจ"ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉื•, ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™". ื•ืื‘ื•ื“ืจื”ื ืคื™ืจืฉ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืœืขื ื•ืช, ืคืขื "ืืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืŸ" ื•ืคืขื "ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืจื“ื›ื™", ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชื‘ืœื‘ืœื™ื. ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื•ืจื™"ื• ืคื™ืจืฉื•, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืชื• ื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœื—ืฉื‘ื”. ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืคื™ืจืฉ, ืฉื™ืฉืชื” ื•ื™ืชื‘ื“ื— ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• 'ืœื ื™ื“ืข'. ื•ื’ื ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื™ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข', ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ"ื” ื•ืจืž"ืข. ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื ื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื•, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื™ ืื• ืืฃ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืงืฆืช, ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘"ื— ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื• ืืคืจื™ื ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ืื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื™ื”ื ืฉืชื•ื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืจืง ืฉืชื”ื ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื•". ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื™ื“ ืืคืจื™ื, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ืœื ื ื“ื—ื•, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืขื“ 'ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข' ื•ืœื ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืฉืคืช ืืžืช ื•ืจ"ื™ ืกืœืื ื˜ืจ, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืชื•ืš ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—, ื•ืื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœืœื ื™ื“ืข, ื™ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืฉืชื•ืช.
^ 12.. ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืกื”, ื, ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืื™ ืœืืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ืฉ. ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืงื˜, ื, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืจืื•ื™ ืœื•, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื ืื™ื. ื›ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืื™ ืœื”ืŸ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื”"ืœ ืคืกื— ื˜ื–, ื–, 3, ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“' ื›ื•ืกื•ืช. ื•ืž"ืž ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืฉืชื›ืจื•.
^ 13.. ืขื™' ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืคืจื ืง ืžื“, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื ื–ื›ืจื” ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื•ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข, ื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื™ื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉืชื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคืก"ืช ืชืจืฆื”, ื’.
^ 14.. ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—"ื ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘, 'ืขื“', ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ืืžื ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืžืชืคื™ืœื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื’ ืžืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘, ืฉื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ืื•ืœื ืžื•ืกื›ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื. ื•ืืžื ื ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ืชืจืฆื”, ื›ืชื‘, ืฉื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื’ืŸ, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžืจืฉื‘"ื. ืž"ืž ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื•ืกื›ื, ืฉืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื˜ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื–ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืชื›ืจ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืชื™ื™ืชื• ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื”, ืœื ื™ืฉืชื”, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื "ืžืฉืชื” ื•ืฉืžื—ื”". ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื›ื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ืขื•ื ื’, ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืืฃ ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื•ืจืื™ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ืžืฉื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืœืงื˜ ืฆ"ื’, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืื’ื“ื” ืฉืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื ื’ ืœื•. ื•ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื•ื‘ืจืž"ื ืื•"ื— ืจืคื—, ื‘, ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื“.
^ 15.. ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื"ืจ ื•ื‘ื‘ืื•"ื” ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ืชืจืฆื”. ื•ืœื ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืžื’ืœื” ืกื•ื“, ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื—ื“, ื•ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืžืชื’ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ. ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื”, ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชื•ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ 'ืขื“ ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข' ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื™ื ืžืืžืจ 'ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกื•ืžื™' ืขืž' ืฆื—, ื - ืง, ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฆื˜, ื’-ื“. ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืขื˜ ืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
^ 16.. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืกืขื•ื“ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉืงื™ืขื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื”"ื“ ืงืž, ืืžื ื ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช. ื•ื”ืฉืœ"ื” ืขื•ื“ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ, ื•ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื”ื’ืจ"ื, ื•ื›ืš ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ืจืฉ"ืฉ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” (ื›ื”"ื— ื›ื’). ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ, ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืกืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจ ืžื ื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœืขืจื‘, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืš. ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืœ ื˜"ื• ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืฉืžื•ื— ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื (ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘, ื•ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื–). ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชื—ืœื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืขืค"ื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ 'ื•ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ' ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืžืงืจื ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜"ื–, ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
^ 17.. ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฆื˜ ื•ืž"ื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืชื•ื™. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื ื”"ืœ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื”, ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืชื•ื™. ื•ืฉื ื™ื—, ื—-ื™, ืขืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ืŸ.
ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฉืชื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื›ืฉื”ืฉืขื” ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืฉ"ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืž"ื‘ ืฆื˜, ื’ ื•ื™ื–. ื•ื’ื ื”ืจืž"ื ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืฉืชื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื™ื™ืŸ - ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ. ื•ื ืœืขื "ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
^ 18.. ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™, ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ ื ื•, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืขื“ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื ื—ื” ืงื˜ื ื” (ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื). ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช, ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื™, ื›ืชื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืงื•ื“ื ื—ืฆื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื” ืขื“ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” (ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืชืงื›ื˜, ื—).
ืžื ื”ื’ ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžืคื” ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืง, ื, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืจืขื, ื“. ื•ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื ื”ื’ ื›ืš ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช (ืžืื™ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–, ื). ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื— ืจืขื, ื›ื‘, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืืจ"ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื“ืฉ ืื—ืจ ืชืคื™ืœืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื', ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืื™ืจื™ ื•ืž"ื ืชืจืฆื”, ื˜, ื™ืืžืจ ื’ื 'ืจืฆื”' ื•ื’ื 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื. ื•ื‘ืž"ื‘ ื˜ื•, ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื™ ื—"ื ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจ 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื'. ื•ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ืืžืจ 'ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ื' ื‘ื”ืจื—ืžืŸ, ืฉืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘.
^ 19.. ืœื‘"ื—, ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืžืฉื™ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืœ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืขื™ืœ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืžื”ื’ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืืฉื”, ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืืœื ืœื”ื’ืŸ, ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœืœื‘ืฉื•, ื•ื›"ื› ื˜"ื–. ื•ื™ื“ ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืžื—ืžื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืžืฉื™. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื™ื‘ื™"ื ื—"ื• ื™ื•"ื“ ื™ื“. ื•ื”ืจืž"ื ืชืจืฆื•, ื—, ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืจื™ื. ื•ื‘ื›ื ื”"ื’ ื•ื”ืฉืœ"ื”, ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ืžืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื‘ืจื›"ื™, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื™ื—ื•"ื“ ื”, ื .
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“

ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื” ื•ืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”".
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืจื™ื
ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ

ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืžื”ื™ืจ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื—ื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ
  • ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
     ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืจืœ ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
     ืจ' ื™ืขืงื‘ ื›ืฅ (ื›ืฆืœ'ื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื–ื™ ืงืœื›ื”ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
     ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืจื™ืŸ
  • ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
     ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื’ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
     ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•
  • ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”
    52 ื“ืง'
    ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™"ื”

    ืืžื•ื ื”: ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื” ื•ืฉืคืœื•ืชื”

    ืืžื•ื ื” ื›"ื˜ -ืœ"ื

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื”: ืžื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœืขื•ื– ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืœืื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”', ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื• ื”ืคืจืื™ืช. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื™ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืชื—ื™ื™ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžืœืื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื
    45 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื“ื

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ

    ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืš ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ืง ื’ื–ืœ , ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื–' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
    29 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื ื—, ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืกื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื‘'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื— ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ื‘ืฉื›ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงืœืงื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื— ืจื•ืžื– ืืœื™ื•. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ื›ืžืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื— ืฉื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”' ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ืฉื–ื™ื›ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ" ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ืจื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
    25 ื“ืง'
    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

    ืคื’ื ื”ืื“ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื

    ืฉื ืžืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” - ื ื— - ื—ืœืง ื'

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื—ื˜ื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืื“ื โ€“ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ืคืฉ, ืฉื›ืœ ื•ืฆืœื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ืžืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื ืคื™ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœืžื•ืชื• ื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ื—.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช
    43 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ - ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื

    ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช

    ืขื‘ื“ืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ื -ื”

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืฆื“ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืื“ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื–ื™ื›ื•ืš ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืžื“ ืœืจื•ืžื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื”"ื’ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช
    40 ื“ืง'
    ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืก

    ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ("ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”") ื•ืžืงื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง. ืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”"ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช", ื”"ืชื•ืžื™ื" ื•ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืฉืงื•ืค, ืžืชื‘ืืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื–ืื’ื | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช
    30 ื“ืง'
    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•

    ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืจืฆื™ืคื” ื•ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช

    ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืคืจืง ื›"ื– - ื›"ื—

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ, ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื•ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘
    ื ื—

    ืžื’ื“ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœื‘

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื•ื”ืฉื’ื—ืชื•, ื“ืจืš ืžืคื’ืฉื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžื”ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืขื ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืš ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืฉืŸ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ื— ืžืจืคื ืœื ืคืฉ

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืง"ืก

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื ืงืžื ื™, ืืœื ื”ืชืคื›ื—ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื•ื—ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžืฆืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื•. ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื–ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื” ืžื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื›"ื— ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืค"ื•
  • ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“
    44 ื“ืง'
    ืขื™ืŸ ืื™"ื” - ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ

    ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“

    ืฉื‘ืช ื, ืงืก"ื‘ - ืงืก"ื“

    ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื” โ€“ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืืžื•ื ื”, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉื•ืขื” โ€“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™"ื” ืงื•ืง. ื“ืจืš ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืžื‘ื˜ ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœ.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื’ื ืฅ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—
    33 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื—

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื”' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—
    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš

    ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืœื™ืš โ€“ ื ื—

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืขืœื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ 622

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?
    46 ื“ืง'
    ื ื—

    ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื -ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื, ื”ืื•ืžื ื?

    ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ 'ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื’ืฉื' ื‘ืฉื 'ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื' ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื.

    ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”
    ืจื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื

    ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”

    ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื | ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืœืžื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื• | ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืชืจื—ื‘, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” | ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื™ืžื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ | ืขื™ืงืจ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื™ืงื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื”ืœื›ืชื | ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืขื“ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ 20 ื™ืงื™ืคื• ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืขื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืชื‘ืืจื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืฉื™ื•

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืžืœืžื“ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–
    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื-ืช ืค"ืฉ

    ืคืจืคืจืื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื— ืชืฉืคื–

    ืงึตืฅ ื›ื‡ึผืœ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ืœึฐืคึธื ึทื™ - ืžื”ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงึตืฅ ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื”, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืงึตืฅ ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ ืžืชื—ืœื”. ืžึดื›ื‡ึผืœ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ - ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธื›ึตืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ืื ื”ื•ื ืœึฐืšึธ ืžึทืึฒื›ึธืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืื›ืœ. ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉื”. ืœืžื” ืฉืœื— ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืขื•ืจื‘ ื•ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืœื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื.

    ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–
    ื ื—

    ืžืืžืจ ื ื— ืคื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชื ืืœ ื™ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืŸ | ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–
    30 ื“ืง'
    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช

    ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื“ืฃ ื›"ื–

    ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ ืกื˜ืคื ืกืงื™ | ื“' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
  • ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”
    47 ื“ืง'
    ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช, ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช

    ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”

    ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืจืชืง ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื‘ืืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื”), ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœืช ื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกืขื•ื“ืช ืฉื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืžื•ืคืช ืžืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”.

    ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ | ื‘' ื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืค"ื–
ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื
ืื–ื•ืจ ืื™ืฉื™

ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืฉืืœ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื”ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืขื–ื‘ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.

ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il